ORTHOGRAPHIA CORDKI
Zhe cedsala 11an ta charieka pyshin a cedsala 20an cordan be elifba cordki a be kertyn (xharfyn) xsareban be zmany khwe nevistenen ud khwendenen. De cedsala 20an da dema wary cordan buye penj parche sistema nevistena cordki zhi belawela bue. Cord iro hina be sy hawai be zmany khwe denevisen. Le Bacorr ud Bashury Rozhava be alphabeta Hawary a be kertyn roman, le Bashur, Rozhhelat ud Bashury Rozhhelat be elifba cordki a be kertyn xsareban a sala 1951i, le Bacorry Rozhhelat be alphabeta Hawary a be kertyn roman a goherrandi ud alphabeta cordki a be kertyn cril a dema Sovieta bery denevisen.
Alphabeta Newrozi be armanja sistemyn nevistena cordki beket yek hatie amadekerden. Zhe ber co de Newrozy da hatie amadekerden me navy Alphabeta Newrozi ly kerdie. De amadekerdena Alphabeta Newrozi da zhe hemi hawayn cordki ud zmanyn proto-cordki py hatenen nevisten sud hatie wergerten. De heman demy da zhe nevistena cordki a cordolog ud gerrcaryn europan ud american yn zhe cedsala 18an ta cedsala 20an zhi sud hatie wergerten.
De nevistena zmanan da do hawayn bengehin yn nishandaina dangan henen. Yek: nishandaina dengyn teny zmaneki. Italianki, spanyolki, ruski, xsarebki chend nomunyn zhe coma pyshin en. Do: nishandaina dengyn chend zmanan be hev ra. Latinki, fareski, franceski, ingliski chend nomunyn zhe coma dawin en. Romian dema alphabet ud sistema nevistena latinki amade kerdene ly khebetine hemi kert u dengyn zmany hellenki be hawaki de nevistena latinki da nishan beden. Fars wushyn khwe yn aszlen xsarebki mina xsareban denevisen, ly mina khwe dexwinen. De amadekerdena sistema nevistena cordki da me zhe her do hawai zhi sud wergert.
Zhe bo cord becaneben be Alphabet ud Orthographia Newrozi zmany xwe benevisen by goman demek amadehiy lazem est. De vy demy da devyt be orthographia cordki ra sistema check-spelling zhi were amadekerden. Zhe bo rastter weren nevisten listyn wushyn cordki yn zhe zmany xsarebki ud yn ne zhe zmany xsarebki ly be kertyn de elifba cordki a beri 1951y da hebunen hatenen nevisten weren amadekerden. De heman demy da devyt listyn wushyn cordki yn homophon ud homagraph zhi behyten amadekerden da co xhata momcun bet merev becanebet wan de nevisteny da zhe hev jehy beneviset.
Amadekerdena wushyn cordki yn be formyn khwe yn grand (strong) ud sevec (weak), formy be hev ve (contraction) ud formy temam (full form) zaf gring est. Be formy grand ud formy temam yn wushan, cordkia formel dehyte nevisten, ud be formy sevec ud formy be hev ve yn wushan zhi cordkia neformel dehyte nevisten. Ydi dem hatie mellety cord zhi bebet khwedi zmany khwe y formel ud neformel. De vy rewshy da kesyn cordkia formel hin beben be hawaeki hysanter decanen zhe zar ud shywezaryn cordki tybegehyn. Devyt nehyte zhebirkerden co zmany akhafteny zmaneki zaf goherbar est; de nav demy da gelec wushyn de rastia khwe da homophon nenen zhi deben homophon ud ry le ber tevlehevia manyn wan khwesh debet. Zmany formel zhe bo parastena sheclushemala wushan zhi khwedi gringiek by hemta est.
BE SIMBOLYN ALPHABETA PHONETIC A INTERNATIONAL
PHONEMYN CORDKI UD NEVISTENA WAN
Vocal
|
Simbolyn API[1] |
Alphabeta Newrozi |
Elifba Newe |
Alphabeta Hawary |
Alphabeta Cril |
||
|
1 |
ɑ |
a |
|
ا |
a |
a |
|
2 |
ε |
e |
ea |
ە |
e |
ә |
|
3 |
i |
i |
|
ی |
î |
и |
|
4 |
o |
o |
oa |
ۆ |
o |
о |
|
5 |
u |
u |
|
وو |
û |
У |
|
6 |
ə |
e, o, a |
|
|
i |
ь |
|
7 |
e |
y |
yy, ei |
ێ |
ê |
е |
|
8 |
ɵ |
o |
|
و |
u |
ӧ |
|
9 |
ɑ: |
|
aa |
آ |
a |
a |
|
10 |
ε: |
|
ee |
ە |
e |
ә |
|
11 |
i: |
|
ii |
ی |
î |
и |
|
12 |
o: |
|
au |
ۆ |
o |
о |
|
13 |
u: |
|
oo, ou |
وو |
û |
У |
Consonant
|
Simbolyn API |
Alf. Newrozi |
Elifba Newe |
Alf. Hawary |
Alf. Cril |
||
|
14 |
b |
b |
|
ب |
b |
б |
|
15 |
bh |
|
bh |
ب |
b |
б |
|
16 |
m |
m |
|
م |
m |
м |
|
17 |
p |
p |
|
پ |
p |
п |
|
18 |
pʰ |
p |
ph |
پ |
p |
п’ |
|
19 |
w |
w |
|
و |
w |
w |
|
20 |
f |
f |
|
ف |
f |
ф |
|
21 |
v |
v |
|
ڤ |
v |
в |
|
22 |
d |
d |
|
د |
d |
д |
|
23 |
dˤ |
d, z |
|
ض |
d, z |
д, з |
|
24 |
dʒ |
j |
|
ج |
c |
щ |
|
25 |
dʒʰ |
|
jh |
ج |
c |
щ |
|
26 |
ʒ |
|
zh |
ژ |
y |
ж |
|
27 |
l |
l |
|
ل |
l |
л |
|
28 |
ɭ |
l |
lh |
ڵ |
l |
л’ |
|
29 |
n |
n |
|
ن |
n |
н |
|
30 |
ŋ |
ng |
|
نگ |
ng |
нг |
|
31 |
ɾ |
r |
|
ر |
r |
р |
|
32 |
r |
r |
rh |
ڕ |
r |
р’ |
|
33 |
s |
s |
c+e,i,y |
س |
s |
c |
|
34 |
θ |
|
th |
ث |
s |
c |
|
35 |
sˤ |
|
sz |
ص |
s |
c |
|
36 |
ʃ |
|
sh |
ش |
ş |
ш |
|
37 |
t |
t |
td |
ط |
t |
т |
|
38 |
tʰ |
t |
|
ت |
t |
т’ |
|
39 |
z |
z |
|
ز |
z |
з |
|
40 |
ð |
|
dh |
ذ |
z |
з |
|
41 |
zˤ |
|
zs |
ظ |
z |
з |
|
42 |
g |
g |
|
گ |
g |
г |
|
43 |
k |
c, k |
ck, qu+a/e/i/o/y |
ک |
k |
к |
|
44 |
kʰ |
c, k |
|
ک |
k |
к’ |
|
45 |
q |
q |
|
ق |
q |
q |
|
46 |
khs, ks, gz |
x |
|
کس، گز |
ks, gz |
кc, гз |
|
47 |
x |
|
kh |
خ |
x |
x |
|
48 |
ʍ |
|
khw |
خو |
xw |
xw |
|
49 |
ʁ |
|
gh |
غ |
ẍ |
ѓ |
|
50 |
h |
h |
|
ھ |
h |
h |
|
51 |
ħ |
|
xh |
ح |
ḧ |
һ’ |
|
52 |
ɦ |
h |
|
ع |
h |
h |
|
53 |
Ɂ |
|
’ |
ء |
’ |
|
|
54 |
ʕ |
|
xs |
ع |
‘ |
ә' |
|
55 |
tɕ |
|
ch, cs |
چ |
ç |
ч |
|
56 |
tʃ |
|
ch |
چ |
ç |
ч’ |
|
57 |
j |
y |
|
ی |
y |
й |
Diphtong
|
Simbolyn API |
Diphtong |
Nomune |
|
|
58 |
ɑɑ |
aa |
kaa niskan, tdaa wan |
|
59 |
ɑε |
ae |
mae, dae |
|
60 |
ɑi |
ai |
haidar, daik |
|
61 |
ɑe |
ay |
bay corr |
|
62 |
ɑo |
ao |
aghao |
|
63 |
ɑu |
au, aw |
raun (rabun), tawi |
|
64 |
εɑ |
ea |
idea |
|
65 |
εε |
ee |
mangeek |
|
66 |
εi |
ei |
hein |
|
67 |
εe |
ey |
khwendey |
|
68 |
εo |
eo, ewo |
bendeo, Hewo |
|
69 |
εu |
eu, ew |
europan, hew |
|
70 |
iɑ |
ia |
piano |
|
71 |
iε |
ie |
musicien |
|
72 |
ii |
ii |
dara biin |
|
73 |
ie |
iy |
rendiy |
|
74 |
io |
io |
radio |
|
75 |
iu |
iu, iw |
stadium, diwar |
|
76 |
eɑ |
ya |
chya me |
|
77 |
ejε |
ye |
hatye |
|
78 |
ee |
yy |
chyy wan |
|
79 |
ei |
yi |
chyi |
|
80 |
eo |
yo |
Khwedyo |
|
81 |
eu |
yu, yw |
dyubav, dyw |
|
82 |
oɑ |
oa |
sershoa |
|
83 |
oε |
oe |
reshoe |
|
84 |
oe |
oy |
sershoy |
|
85 |
oi |
oi |
iroin |
|
86 |
oo |
oo |
csoo, chloo |
|
87 |
ou |
ow |
cou, show |
|
88 |
ɵɑ |
oa |
joan |
|
89 |
ɵe |
oe |
to’y (to dy) |
|
90 |
ɵi |
oi |
to i |
|
91 |
ɵo |
oo |
kho o (khwe o) |
|
92 |
ɵu |
ou |
to ud quy |
|
93 |
uja, uɑ |
ua |
bebua, bechua, tuan |
|
94 |
ujε |
ue |
bue, chue |
|
95 |
ue |
uy |
dara tuy |
|
96 |
uj, ui |
ui |
to bui, muin, |
|
97 |
uo |
uo, uw |
tuo, ruwo |
|
98 |
uu |
uu |
buubu, chuubu, uu |
ALPHABETA NEWROZI
Kert
|
Kert |
Nomune |
|
|
1 |
A a |
ager |
|
2 |
B b |
berf |
|
3 |
C c |
cusi |
|
4 |
D d |
dar |
|
5 |
E e |
eleg |
|
6 |
F f |
fend |
|
7 |
G g |
ga |
|
8 |
H h |
hyk |
|
9 |
I i |
isot |
|
10 |
Jj |
jotcar |
|
11 |
K k |
kereng |
|
12 |
L l |
lale |
|
13 |
M m |
masi |
|
14 |
N n |
nan |
|
15 |
O o |
ordeg |
|
16 |
P p |
pivaz |
|
17 |
Q q |
qelem |
|
18 |
R r |
rozh |
|
19 |
S s |
syv |
|
20 |
T t |
tazhi |
|
21 |
U u |
uti |
|
22 |
V v |
veshartok |
|
23 |
W w |
weres |
|
24 |
X x |
fax |
|
25 |
Y y |
yzeng, yek |
|
26 |
Z z |
zerdeli |
Digraph
|
Digraph |
Nomune |
|
|
1 |
aa |
caar |
|
2 |
ea |
bear |
|
3 |
ee |
beer |
|
4 |
ii |
biir |
|
5 |
au |
automobil |
|
6 |
oa |
goal |
|
7 |
oo |
boom |
|
8 |
ou |
boum |
|
9 |
yy |
lyy |
|
10 |
bh |
bhisten |
|
11 |
ch |
cha |
|
12 |
cs |
cseng, cso |
|
13 |
dh |
dhewq |
|
14 |
gh |
ghar |
|
15 |
kh |
khani |
|
16 |
lh |
lhor |
|
17 |
ph |
phar |
|
18 |
qu+e/i/y |
quer |
|
19 |
rh |
rhast |
|
20 |
sz |
szal |
|
21 |
sh |
shalul |
|
22 |
td |
tda |
|
23 |
th |
thi, thy |
|
24 |
xh |
xhannar |
|
25 |
xs |
xsawr |
|
26 |
zh |
zhuzhi |
|
27 |
zs |
zsarr |
Derkenar
1. De vy nevisy da me hendec wushe be formyn wan yn grand (strong form) nevisitenen: kerden : 1. /khεɾdεn/ 2. /khəɾdən/ 3. /kəɾən/ hyvar: 1. /hevɑɾ/ 2. /evɑɾ/ ud: 1. /ud/ 2. /u/ debyzhet: 1. /dεbeʒət/ 2. /dəbeʒət/ 3. /dəbeʒε/ 4. /dəbeʒə/ est: 1. /εst/ 2. /yε/, /ε/, /e/ 3. /jə/, /ə/. wem: 1. /wεm/ 2 /εm/ wez: 1. /wεz/ 2. /εz/ hew: 1. /hεw/ 2. /εw/ Zhe van hawayn goteny 1. grand 2. svec 3. svecter 4. svecterin est. Her char hawa zhi de nav gel da berdewam en, ud be qasi hev rast en.
ORTHOGRAPHIA
Wem dy de parta Orthographiay da be perrani ji beden methelyn nacoc ud yn xhatda inrozh le ser nehati nevisten.
Digraphyn zhe bo kymkerdena wushyn homophon ud homograph
Be digraphyn vocal aa, ae, ea, ii, ee, oa, au, ou, oo, yy wushyn homagraph ud homophon dehyten nevisten.
aa: Tdaeki bary hespy te khwar est, rast beket. Hew her dem tday hev degeren. Hew be tdaay ketie, beben jem bezhishk. Erdy wi rhast est, cash nene. Bersiva wi rast est. Yek le aliy raasty yek le aliy chepy est.
ee, ea: Le ber khwe myze beket. Insal beary rezan tonne. Sing ud beer. Wi terr kerd. Ev dar tearr en. Daran pearr weshanden. Perr, gelek, zor ud zahf khwedi heman many nen. Teshtek de teashty da nemabu. Be deasteki dest belend kerd. Gelek merev be deesty (pandemia) coronay merden.
ii: Dehyt bira men, le vy dery biirek avy hebu. Ev dara biiy est. Myryn bi ud zhenyn bi. Merevyn bery be tir ud kevan bun. Ava wy caniy tiir bu, nedehat vekhwarden. Lazem est dew ne tiir bet ne zhi ron.
oa, au: Golyn sor, golyn zerd, golyn spi le ber gaula avy bun. Barcelonay do goal havyten Madridy. Automobil boha bunen.
ou, oo: Be kyra touzh biberyn tuzh hur kerden. Do sal baery ez khwendecar bum. Boum ferria. Dengyn bomban dehat behisten, boom, boom! Zhe hoor ud rovian xhaz nedekerd. Pery khwe hour beke. Pivazyn khwe hur beke. Tury khwe avyt baggagey ud le otobusa toury sowar bud.
yy, ei: Tyr khwarie. Le pei tyyr chu Chiny. Chyiy beket, lyh mebyzhet. Deiny wi ly (le wi/wy/wan) est. Ev lo lo est, lei lei ma est. Ly disa zhi tu dezani.
Be digraphyn consonat cs, ph, td /t/, c+e,i,y, qu+a,e,i,o,u,y ud k+a,o,u teny wushyn (word) homophon, homograph ud wushyn zhe zmanyn bygane yn wosan dehyten nevisten ud van dengan deden, dehyten nevisten.
c+e,i,y /θ/-/s/: cinema, police, ambulance, biciclet, piece, franceski, Barcelona
cs: De germy da ben csengy merev khwi dedet. Chenga wi shekia. Cso de destan da le pei kery barkeri cho choa wi bu. Cseka khwe havyt peshta khwe ud chu sherr. Bazergan dekanet de shuna pere da chek bedet. Zhe musicienyn cheang ly dekhen ra cheangi dehyte goten.
qu+a,e,i,o,y ud k+a,o,u /k/, /kh/: Bazergany zhyhati cary khwe zhi kara khwe zhi dezanet. Cary ty da kar tonne bet car nene. De vi cari da kar tonne. Kyra khwe touzh kerd. Kyra men zhe bo berrina vi dari be quyr nahyt. Ca (fg cany) te cheqas qua kerri? Bazergyn zhe cary froshtena vi quari (fg. cahr) be qasi cary froshtena quariy (fg. cardi) zhi kar nekerd. Kesi quesa pryza genem berhev nekerd. Kelemyn senjy zaf dejwar en. Zhe dara mazi ra le hendek deran myshe ud le hendek deran zhi keleam dehyt goten. Zhe bazary quelem kerrin ud zhe bo shivy paten. Be corman avy vedekhwet, be korman masian degeret…
ph /p/: Car he hev phar kerden.
td /t/: Be tdaay ketebu. Terzi ta be derzia khwe ve kerd ud dest be drutena kenjan kerd. Tol nacanet tdola khwe heldet.
Wushyn be digraphyn lh ud rh dehyten nevisten
Hemi r ud l yn le sery wushyn cordki phonemyn /r/ ud /ɭ/ nen. Ev her do digraph teny teny le sery wushyn homophon dehyten nevisten.
lh: Lhema mangy tezhe shir bue. Lor zhe lhor xhaz deken. O laz lhaz o. Lhori lhoria lor bu.
rh /r/: Rhozh jihany ronahi deket. Rozhek 24 saxsat est. Erdy wi rhast est, cash nene. Bersiva wi rast est. Yek le aliy raasty bu, yek aliy chepy. Rha le Mesra bery navy khwedaeki est.
Wushyn be digraphyn dh, sz, xh, xs, zs dehyten nevisten
Be digraphyn dh, gh, sz, xh, xs, zs be perrani wushyn cordki yn be coca khwe xsarebki dehyten nevisten. Wushyn cordki yn de textyn classickyn cordki da be ebjeda cordki be kertyn ع, غ, ح, ذ, ص, ظ, hatenen nevisten be van digraphan dehyten nevisten.
dh dheka, dheki, dhewq, ledhet, ledhidh
gh gherib, ghezal, gholam, naghme, shoghol
sz faszulia, ikhtiszasz, moszibet, qeszide
xh xhaakim, xhadith, xhaj, maxhkum, raxhm, reixhan, roxh
xs el xsaalem, xsamel, xsameliat, ixstiraf, moxsawin, qetxsi, saxsat
zs zsolm, lefzs, mazslum, menzser, nezser, nizsam, zsalem, zselam, zserf
Hendek wushyn cordki yn be aszlyn khwe zhe xsarebki nenen zhi be van digraphan hatenen nevisten.
dh caghedh
gh agha, caghedh
sz szal
xh xhaisht (hesht), xhaft (heft)
xs xsard (erd)
zs zsarr
Wushyn be gemination
Consonantyn be digraphan dehyten nevisten ne ty da, hemi consonant de rewsha be shedde ud gemination da le ber vocalan dobare deben.
bb moebbed, rebb
cc sheccal, shecco, Becco, ricco
dd gheddar, moqeddes
ff coffek, qoffek (zembila pechuk),
gg aggressiv, reggae, ziggurat
hh Dehhak, qehhar
jj dejjal, xhajji, xsajjeqin
kk dhekki, Dikkel Agha, shekker, sikke
ll chell, chelle, chellek, gell, ghelle, golli, khellek, qoll, melle, shell, shelli, khellasz
mm comm, emman, gomm, ommet, temme, xhammal
nn gonn, jenn, jennet, tonne, xhanne
pp gepp, goppal, qeppar, sheppal, teppek, zeruzeppeli, zoppe,
qq beqqal, cheqqal, reqqas,
rr bacorr, bay corr, berrozh, berrin, derri (stri), cherr, cherranek, chirr (meiwyn xsashkeri), chiirr (balendeyek), errik, ferrin, gerr, gearrek, gorri, jerr, jyrr, kerrin, kherr, korr, merr, perr, pearr, qerr, qerrash, qerrek, qirr, qirrin, querr, serr, sherr, terr, tearr, terral, terri, terrole, varrek, verr, verrni, xharri, zerrbav, zerrguni, zerrin, zyrr, zyrrin
ss hessen (xhassen), curressin, cussi, melessin, messin, pessik, tessi
tt bettani, cottan, fittek, sette (settyn mywan), xhatta, xsattar
vv bevv, bevvy (zhe zmany zsarran), kevver, tevver
ww gewwer bunden, khewwerin, qewwad, qowwet
yy beyar, teyyar, teyyare, seyyar,
zz bezzin, chezzin, kezzin, kezzerin, qozz, qozzolqort, rezzin, xsizzet
Wushyn be vocala cort + r + consonantek den deqeden
berq
chelk
chelm
colm (korm)
cord
corm
cort
delq
fert
geshk
gesht
gorg
gorm
gorz
jord (jerd)
jorm
kheshm
khesht
khoshk
meshk
perd
pert
pesht
qorm
qort
rend
shocr
tdesht
verd (ver da)
vert
werd (wy da)
zert
zsolm (zselm)
Wushyn be -k deqeden
Zhe ber co de cordki da suffixyn be -e, -i, -y henen, wushyn cordki be kerta -c naqeden, be kerta -k deqeden. Ev qeide zhe bo wushyn cordki yn zhe zmanyn be alphabetek deri alphabeta roman dehyten nevisten hatenen gerten zhi derbas debet.
Nomune:
belek, buk, dak, daik, dylek, chaidank, chariek, calek, chek, chevik, chik, chrusk, colek, colilk, dak, dik, gelek, gaulek, glok, golek, hesk, holek, hyk, jolek, kek, khellek, khelk, lek, kevchidank, kevok, mak, meshk, mrishk, nisk, nok, peshek, psik, puk, qalek, qezhak, qerrek, rekk, reshk, serek, serok, sereak, shek, xsalok, yek, zsarrok, zek, zirek, …
Gushiy consonanti khwe
De cordki da gushieki consonanti heiest. Hew zhi khwe est.
kwarden, khwasten, khwe, khwaar, khwahr, khwasi, khwenche, khweda (khoda), khwedan, khwedi, khwedy, khweli, khwenden, khweng, khwesh, khwesu (khwesi), khwesh, khweshi, khwi, khwin, khwy
Nevistena purveserkyn da, ra, ve
Her che qas le hendek deveryn Cordan de zmany gella le shuna da, ra, ve purvesergyn de, re, ve hebiten zhi, zhe ber co le perrania wary cordan ud de edebiata cordi a classic da ev purveserk da, ra, ve nen, de cordia grand ud cordia standard da be da, ra, ve dehyten nevisten.
Men zhe wi ra got. Mala wi de nav daran da bud. Zhe hakhafteny perr xhaz dekerd, dema depeivi ta be derziy ve dekerd.
Verbyn be purveserk
da- dabezin, dabohorin, dachekin, dagerten, dahnin, dakevten, dakhesten, daleqin, damezrin, daqortin, darezin, dawerevin, daweshin
hel- helbezharten, helbun, helchenin, helferrin, helgerten, helhanin, helhaten, helkerden, heldan, helperin, helqetin, helseganden, helweshin
ra- rabun, rachenin, raferrin, ragerten, raheshten, rakerden, rakhesten, rakevten, ramusin, raperin, raweshin, razan,
ve- vearqelin, vekerden, vekevten, vekhwarden, velisten, veneshten, veqetin, verreshin, veshkin, vexhawin (vexhabin), vezhin,
Nevistena wushyn zhe zmanyn bygane
Wushyn zhe zmanyn be alphabeta roman (latin) dehyten hatenen gerten be 26 kertyn cordki dehyten nevisten. Kertyn khoszuszi van wushan zhe aliy shekli ve nyzdiki kizhan kerta cordki ben be wy dehyten nevisten. Zmanyn be ne be alphabeta roman, ly be alphabetek den dehyten nevisten be perrani de cordki da chawa dehyten goten wer dehyten nevisten.
Wushyn zhe zmanyn be alphabeta roman dehyten nevisten
Wushyn be suffixa -ic deqeden
Wushyn zhe zmanyn helleni, roman (latin) û german hatene gerten ud khwedi suffixa -ic en istisna nen. Dema suffixyn cordki yn be -e, -i, -y ya zhi be van yeky dest py deken le pei van wushan weren, -c a dawia wushy be -ck dehyte nevisten, -c debet -ck+e, i, y.
biologic, biologica, biologogico, biologican, biologicky, biologickyn
democratic, democratica, democratico, democratican, democraticky, democratickyn
ecologic, ecologica, ecologico, ecologican, ecologicky, ecologickyn
geographic, geographica, geographico, geographican, geographicky, geographickyn
sociologic, sociologica, sociologico, sociologican, sociologicky, sociologickyn
sophistic, sophistica, sophistico, sophistican, sophisticke, sophisticky, sophistickyn
Nevistena wushyn graeko-roman
Wushyn graeko-roman yn be latinki ch hatenen nevisten ud /k/ hatenen khwenden be ch dehyten nevisten. Ev wushe de formy grand da mina orginalyn khwe yn hellenki be /x/ dehyten goten, de formy svec da mina latinki be /k/ dehyten goten.
archaeologia, psichologia, choreograph, chrom
Wushyn be y dehyten nevisten ud /i:/ dehyten goten
Wushyn be aszlyn khwe hellenki nen, de latinki da be y dehyten nevisten ud /i:/ dehyten goten de cordki da be i dehyten nevisten:
academi, anatomi, analis, biciclet, cristal, dinamic, enzim, etimologia, lirism, melodi, piton, psikhologia, rhithm, sinonim
Wushyn be ph dehyten nevisten ud /f/ dehyten goten
Wushyn be ph dehyten nevisten ud /f/ dehyten khwenden be ph dehyten nevisten. Chemki dema ev wushe zhe hellenki ketenen latinki be kerta co inrozh grek phonema /f/ denevisen phonema p a aspirant /ph/ hatie nevisten.
philologia, philosoph, phon, phonem, phonetic, photograph, geographia, graphik, diphtong, digraph, telephon, telegraph
Wushyn de latinki da be suffixa -ve deqeden
Wushyn be suffixa -ve deqeden mina by -e dehyten nevisten.:
alternativ, alternativa, alternativiti, alternativy, alternativo, alternativan, alternativyn
negativ, negativa, negativiti, negativy, negativo, negativan, negativyn
positiv, positiva, positiviti, positivy, positivo, positivan, positivyn
Perrania nediar (perrania indefinit)
Perrania nediar, be gotenek perrana hendek, de wushyn be consonanteky deqeden da be suffixa -en, de wushyn be vocaleky deqeden da be suffixa -inen dehyte nishandain. Dema ev wushe peshti wusha henden behyten nevisten by van suffixan dehyten nevisten.
bazharen hendek bazhar
cheken hendek chek
deren hendek der
golen hendek gol
gonden hendek gond
hyzhiren hendek hyzhir
mereven hendek merev
syven hendek syv
zsarren hendek zsarr
bazharinen hendek bazhari
charenen hendek chare
derinen hendek deri
gondinen hendek gondi
masenen hendek mase
tahzhinen hendek tahzhi
Be prespositionyn be, de, le, zhe ra nevistena navyn merdane
Nam Be … De … Le … Zhe
ager be ager de ager le ager zhe ager
Ali be Ali de Ali le Ali zhe Ali
Beg be beg de beg le beg zhe beg
Bergo be Bergo de Bergo le Bergo zhe Bergo
chahv be chahv de chahv le chahv zhe chahv
chem be chem de chem le chem zhe chem
corr be corr de corr le corr zhe corr
dest be dest de dest le dest zhe dest
dik be dik de dik le dik zhe dik
Dijle be Dijle de Dijle le Dijle zhe Dijle
gond be gond de gond le gond zhe gond
gorg be gorg de gorg le gorg zhe gorg
hesp (nyr) be hesp de hesp le hesp zhe hesp
Jemil be Jemil de Jemil le Jemil zhe Jemil
khwedy be khwedy de khwedy le khwedy zhe khwedy
mahr be mahr de mahr le mahr zhe mahr
nyri be nyri de nyri le nyri zhe nyri
Shyrgo be Shyrgo de Shyrgo le Shyrgo zhe Shyrgo
tri be tri de tri le tri zhe tri
Navyn continentan
Africa
America
Australia
Asia
Europa
Navyn dewletan
Navên welatan de zmanyn germanic da be -land, de xsarebki da be suffixa -ia, de fareski da be -ostan (-istan), de cordki da be perrani be -an deqeden.
Faresan, Cordan, Gutian, Ermenan, Torkan, Turan, Iran, Francezan, Inglisan, Roman, Hellenan, Bulgaran, American, Mexican, Brezilian, Serban, Croatan, Partava, Persan, Medan, Gutian, Someran, Hititan, Almanan, Australian, Swedan, Gorgan, Azerbaijan, Afghanan, Arian, Xsareban, …
Ev nav xsayni mina navyn gelek gund ud herymyn cordan de jomly da natewen ud suffix nagren, de rewshyn namin (noun cases) nominal, dativ, accusativ, possessiv, locativ, dativ, vocativ da naguherren, her dem de rewsha khwe a sade da deminen.
Ez chum Faresan. Faresan welateki jiran est. Ew zhe Faresan dehyt. Ew le Faresan dekhebetet. Mala wan le Faresan est. Hun dy kinga herren Faresan. Tajik zhe Faresan xhaz deken. Hei gdi Faresan. Komara Faresan
Ez chum Botan. Botan wareki khwesh est. Ew zhe Botan dehyt. Ew le Botan dekhebetet. Mala wan le Botan est. Hun dy kinga herren Botan. Cordmanj zhe Botan xhaz deken. Hei gdi Botan, Heryma Botan
Navyn melletan
Navyn melletan de nav jomly da be kerta pechuk dehyten nevisten:
Wary cordan wareki khwesh est. Nany faresan by khwy est. Gellyn cord, azeri, fares, xsareb, tork, ermen, suriani be hev ra le heman wari dezhin.
Navyn zmanan
De cordki da navyn zar ud zmanan be perrani zhe navyn melletan ud suffixa -ki pyk dehyten. De formyn grand da suffixa -ki /ki/ dehyte khwenden, de formy svek da kerta k a suffixa -ki nahyte goten, mina fareski be suffixa -i dehyte goten. Navyn zmanan de nav jomly da be kertyn pechuk dehyten nevisten:
aramki, avestki, bulgarki, cordki, cordmanjki, ckerdmanjki, hellenki, fareski, ruski, ingliski, xsarebki, torki, gorjki, belujki, almanki, ermenki, spaniolki, portugalki
Nav ud adjectivyn zaninan
Navyn zaninan be ingliski be -y, -cs, be franceski be -ie, -que deqeden be telefuza khwe a hellenki ud mina latinki be -ia, -ca dehyten nevisten. Navyn zaninan zhe helleni ud latini, adjectiv ud adverbyn zaninan zhe latini ud francezi hatenen gerten. Suffixa adverbi a -ment zhe suffixa adverbi a francezi -ment hatie gerten. Kerta t a suffixa -ment dehyte nevisten, ly nahyte telefuzkerden.
|
Nav |
Adjectiv |
Adverb |
Zanyary wi cari |
|
anatomia |
anatomic |
anatomicment |
anatomist |
|
archaeologia |
archeologic |
archeologicment |
archeolog |
|
astronomia |
astronomic |
astronomicment |
astronom |
|
bacteriologia |
bacteriologic |
bacteriologicment |
bacteriologist |
|
biologia |
bilologic |
biologicment |
biologist |
|
botani |
botanic |
botanicment |
botanist |
|
cardiologia |
cardiologic |
cardiologicment |
cardiologist |
|
cartographia |
cartographic |
cartographicment |
cartograph |
|
chimia |
chimic |
chimicment |
chimiager |
|
chronologia |
chronologic |
chronologicment |
chronolog |
|
climatologia |
climatologic |
climatologicment |
climatolog |
|
cordologia |
cordologic |
cordologicment |
cordolog |
|
cosmologia |
cosmologic |
cosmologicment |
cosmolog |
|
demographia |
demographic |
demographicment |
demograph |
|
dermatologia |
dermatologic |
dermatologicment |
dermatolog |
|
dialectologia |
dialectologic |
dialectologicment |
dialectolog |
|
dinamic |
dinamic |
dinamicment |
dinamist |
|
ecologia |
ecologic |
ecologicment |
ecolog |
|
economi |
economic |
economicment |
economist |
|
enzimologia |
enzimologic |
enzimologian |
enzimolog |
|
epidemiologia |
epidemiologic |
epidemiologicment |
epidemiolog |
|
ethnologia |
ethnologic |
ethnologicment |
ethnolog |
|
etimologia |
etimologic |
etimologicment |
etimolog |
|
exobiologia |
exobiologic |
exobiologicment |
exobiolog |
|
pharmacologia |
pharmacologic |
pharmacologicment |
pharmacolog |
|
philologia |
philologic |
philologicment |
philolog |
|
philosophia |
philosophic |
philosophicment |
philosoph |
|
phonologia |
phonologic |
phonologicment |
phonolog |
|
phisic |
phisicki |
phisicment |
phisicien |
|
phisiologia |
phisiologic |
phisiologicment |
phisiolog |
|
gastronomia |
gastronomic |
gastronomicment |
gastronom |
|
genetic |
geneticki |
geneticment |
geneticien |
|
geographia |
geographic |
geographicment |
geograph |
|
geologia |
geologic |
geologicment |
geolog |
|
grammatologia |
grammatologic |
grammatologicment |
grammatolog |
|
graphologia |
graphologic |
graphologicment |
grapholog |
|
hematologia |
hematologic |
hematologicment |
hematolog |
|
historiologia |
historiologic |
historiologicment |
historiolog |
|
hidrologia |
hidrologic |
hidrologicment |
hidrolog |
|
iconographia |
iconographic |
iconographicment |
iconograph |
|
iconologia |
iconologic |
iconologicment |
iconolog |
|
ideologia |
ideologic |
ideologicment |
ideolog |
|
insectologia |
insectologic |
insectologicment |
insectolog |
|
kinetic |
kineticki |
kineticment |
kineticien |
|
lexicographia |
lexicographic |
lexicographicment |
lexicograph |
|
lexicologia |
lexicologic |
lexicologicment |
lexicolog |
|
linguistic |
linguisticki |
linguisticment |
linguist |
|
mathematic |
mathematicki |
mathematicment |
mathematicien |
|
metaphisic |
metaphisicki |
metaphisicment |
metaphisicien |
|
meteorologia |
meteolorologic |
meteorologicment |
meteorolog |
|
microbiologia |
microbiologic |
microbiologicment |
microbiolog |
|
morphologia |
morphologic |
morphologicment |
morpholog |
|
musicologia |
musicologic |
musicologicment |
musicolog |
|
neurologia |
neurologic |
neurologicment |
neurolog |
|
numerologia |
numerologic |
numerologicment |
Numerolog |
|
numismatic |
numismaticki |
numismaticment |
numismaticien |
|
oceanographia |
oceanographic |
oceanographicment |
oceanograph |
|
oceanologia |
oceanologic |
oceanologicment |
oceanolog |
|
oncologia |
oncologic |
oncologicment |
oncolog |
|
optic |
opticki |
opticment |
opticien |
|
orthographia |
orthographic |
orthographicment |
orthograph |
|
osteologia |
osteologic |
osteologicment |
osteolog |
|
pedologia |
pedologic |
pedologicment |
pedolog |
|
paleobiologia |
paleobiologic |
paleobiologicment |
paleobiolog |
|
pathologia |
pathologic |
pathologicment |
patholog |
|
psichologia |
psichologic |
psichologicment |
psicholog |
|
quantum |
quantumi |
quantumane |
quantumist |
|
raciologia |
raciologic |
raciologicment |
raciolog |
|
radiologia |
radiologic |
radiologicment |
radiolog |
|
reflexologia |
reflexologic |
reflexologicment |
reflexolog |
|
rheumatology |
rheumatologic |
rheumatologicment |
rheumatolog |
|
semantic |
semanticki |
semanticment |
semanticien |
|
sexologia |
sexologic |
sexologicment |
Sexolog |
|
sinologia |
sinologic |
sinologicment |
sinolog |
|
sociologia |
sociologic |
sociologicment |
sociolog |
|
statistic |
statisticki |
statisticment |
statisticien |
|
theologia |
theologic |
theologicment |
theolog |
|
topographia |
topographic |
topographicment |
topograph |
|
traumatologia |
traumatologic |
traumatologicment |
traumatolog |
|
toxicologia |
toxicologic |
toxicologicment |
toxicolog |
|
urbanologia |
urbanologic |
urbanologicment |
urbanolog |
|
urologia |
urologic |
urologicment |
urolog |
|
virologia |
virologic |
virologicment |
virolog |
|
volcanologia |
volcanolog |
volcanologicment |
volcanolog |
|
xilographia |
xilographic |
xilographicment |
xilograph |
|
xilologia |
xilologic |
xilologicment |
xilolog |
|
zoologia |
zoologic |
zoologicment |
zoolog |
|
zithologia |
zithologic |
zithologicment |
zitolog |
Navyn alian
bacorr
bashur
rozhava
rozhhelat
bacorry rozhava
bacorry rozhelat
bashury rozhava
bashury rozhelat
rozhavay bacorr
rozhhelaty bacorr
rozhavay bashur
rozhhelaty bashur
Termyn zanesti
Termyn zanesti yn de de franceski da be -logue, -graph, -isme, -ist, -cien / cienne, el deqeden de cordi da be -log, -graph, -ism, -ist, -cien, -el deqeden:
biolog, dialog, etimolog, philolog, geograph, photograph, capitalism, socialism, capitalist, economist, socialist, mathematicien, musicien, formel, pluriel
Termyn scientific yn zhe sanskrit hatenen gerten
itihas, itihasic, itihascar
servenam, servenami
viacaran, viacarani, viacar
wusheshan, wusheshani (sa. vizeshan, hi. visheshan)
Namyn de rewsha nominativ da be kerta -e deqeden
mange
Nominativ: mange
Genitiv: manga, mangyn
Dativ: mangy, mangan
Accusativ: mangy, mangan
Ablativ: zhe mangy, zhe mangan
Vocativ: mangey, mangeno
Locativ: le mangy, le mangan
name
Nom: name
Gen: nama, namyn
Dat: namy, naman
Acc: namy, naman
Abl: zhe namy, zhe naman
Voc: namey, nameno
Loc. le namy, le naman
khwende
Nom: khwende
Gen. m.: khwendy
Gen. z.: khwenda
Gen. pr.: khwendyn
Dat: khwende, khwendan
Acc. z.: khwendy
Acc. m.: khwende
Acc. pr.: khwendan
Abl. m.: zhe khwende
Abl. z.: zhe khwendy
Abl. pr.: zhe khwendan
Voc. m.: khwendeo
Voc. z.: khwendey
Voc. pr.: khwendeno
Loc. le khwende, le khwendan
Namyn merdane
tri
Nom. tri (treh).
Gen. triy, triyn
Dat. tri
Acc. tri, trii
Abl. zhe tri.
Voc. trio, trino
Loc. le tri
hesp (nyr)
Nom. hesp
Gen. hespy, hespyn
Dat. hesp, hespan
Acc. hesp, hespan
Abl. zhe hesp, zhe hespan
Voc. hespo, hespno
Loc. le hesp, le hespan
abbrevation: m.: merdane, z. zhenane, pr. perrani
Namyn monosilabic yn zhenane yn be kerta -a deqeden
ka, kaa genem, kay, kaan, kayn
cha, chaa soanan, chay, chaan, chayn
ma, maa men, may, maan, mayn
ta, taa wan, tay, taan, tayn
Namyn multisilabic yn zhenane yn be kerta -a deqeden
bela, bela khwedy, belay, belan, belayn
geographia, geographia Medan, geographiay, geographian, geographiayn, geographic
khela, khela 1915an, khelay, khelan, khelayn
qela, qala feraghan, qelay, qelan, qelayn
sera, sera kei, seray, seran, serayn
zeria, zeria spi, zeriay, zerian, zeriayn
America Bacurr, Africa Bashur, Russia sar, Roma latinan, Amida cordan
Aria Shyrco, Emina Xhasen, Saria Ali, Hewa Adem, Leila Qasem, Tara Jaff
Namyn merdane yn be declensionyn -i ud -y
Namyn merdane yn be -an deqeden de formy grand da be declensiona -i-, de formy svek da be declensiona -y- nen.
Nam Formy grand Formy svek
ban bin byn
beran berin berin
chortan chortin chortyn
dedan dedin dedyn
hozan hozin hozyn
joan join joyn
keman kemin kemyn
khwendedan khwendedin khwendedyn
khwendevan khwendevin khwendevyn
kyran kyrin kyryn
nan nin nyn
merdan merdin merdyn
sheitan sheitin sheityn
gavan gavin gavyn
Remezan Remezin Remezyn
Roshan Roshin Roshyn
shervan shervin shervyn
shvan shvin shvyn
zeman zemin zemyn
De hendek navan da declensiona grand ud svek her do zhi be -y- dehyten nevisten.
Nam Rewsha declensiv
bazhar bazhyr
bar byr
car *cyr (car)
delal delyl
ferat feryt
Ferhad Ferhyd
gares gyres
hezhar hezhyr
Jelal Jelyl
Kemal Kemyl
Khaled Khyled
kerat keryt
mar myr
Sadeq Sydeq
serdar serdyr
shal shyl
shalek shylek
zad zyd
Formyn grand ud svek yn pronaman
Nevisten Telefuza be formy grand Telefuza be formy svek ud sevekter
wez /wεz/ /εz/, /ε/
to /tɵ/, /t’o/ /tə/
hew /hεw/ /εw/
wem /wεm/ /εm/
hun /hun/ /wɵn/, /un/
hew /hεw/ /εw/
Pronamyn oblic
Nevisten Telefuza be formy grand Telefuza be formy svek ud sevekter
men /mən/ /mə/
te /tε/ /tε/
wi /wi/ /wi/
wy /we/ /we/
me /mε/ /mε/
we /wε/ /wε/
wan /wɑn/ /wɑ/
Conjugationa verby BUNDEN (BUN)
Present
wez em
to ist
hew est
wem en
hun en
hew en
Presenty berdewam
wez debem
to debit
hew debet
wem debiten
hun debiten
hew debiten
Preterit
wez bum
to bui
hew bud
wem bun
hun bun
hew bun
Presenty subjonctiv
wez bebem / bem
to bebit / bit
hew bebet / bet
wem bebiten / biten
hun bebiten / biten
hew bebiten / biten
Nevistena hendek verban ud telefuza wan a be zar ud shywezaran a be simbolyn API
Nevisten Cordmanjki Cordmanjkia Zhyr Cordmanjkia Zhor
kerden /k’εɾdεn/ /k’əɾdən/ /kɾən/
khwarden /wεɾdεn/ /ʍɑ:ɾdən/ /ʍɑ:ɾən/
merden /mεɾdεn/ /məɾdən/ /mɾən/
khwasten /wɑstεn/ /ʍɑstən/ /ʍɑstən/
Chend nomunyn preterit yn verban ud telefuza wan a be simbolyn API
Nevisten Cordmanjki Cordmanjkia Zhyr Cordmanjkia Zhor
Men kerd. /mənk’εɾd/ /mənk’əɾd/ /mənkəɾ/
Men khward /mənwεɾd/ /mənʍɑ: εd/ /mənʍɑ:ɾ/
Men khwast /mənwɑst/ /mənʍɑst/ /mənʍɑst/
Phonemyn /d/, /ε/, /h/, /k/, /t/, /v/ /w/ /x/ yn hendek wushyn le hendek deran zhe bir bunen
Phonemyn /d/, /ε/, /h/, /ɦ/, /k/, /l/, /n/, /ŋ/, /t/, /v/ /w/, /x/ de cordmanjkia jorin da le gelek deran zhe bir buben zhi le hendek deran hebuna wan a de zmany gell da berdewam est. Nevistena van dengan zhe hyleky ve zar ud shywezaryn cordki nyzdiki hev dekekt, zhe hyla den wushyn de rastia khwe da homophon nenen ud yn be rasti homophon en zhe hev juda deket, ud ry le ber tevlehevia manyn wushan degret. Ev phonemyn le hendek deran hatene zhebirkerden, ly le hendek deran telefuza wan berdewam est de zmany formel da dehyten nevisten; be van foneman telefuzkerdena wushan formy grand, ud by van phoneman telefuzkerdena van wushan formy svec est. De nomunyn zhyrin da kertyn de formy svek y wushan da nahyten telefuzkerden ya zhi dehyten telefuzkerden ly telefuza wan degoherret italic hatenen nevisten.
/d/ bad, bedbekht, bunden, cardi, chunden, cordmanj, kerdmanj, grand, kerden, khwarden, merden, sard, zerd, ud
/ε/ chell, dekem, de-, chera, cherhanek, gehishten, kezen, qerar
/h/ cahni, cahl, coh, doh, goh, joh, hanin, havyten, hawa, hery, herzan, hewa, hew, hewe, hiro, hyvar, hyresh, kehreba
/ɦ/ cahr, chahv, mahr, pahn, shahre, tahl, zhahr
/k/ cordki, cordmanjki, ermenki, fareski, franceski, gorjki, ingliski, kerdki, kerdmanjki, ruski, xsarebki,
/l/ bal
/ŋ/ bang, khweng
/n/ gorn, man, men, -an
/s/ gers
/st/[2] est: Ew est. Ew rend est. Ew mi est. ist: To ist. To rend ist. Tu chy ist.
/t/ Kech teshia dy deryset, corr tiry bavy dekyshet. Gotenek julemergian. debet, bebet, beket, dekhwinet, bekhwinet, nebyzhet
/v/, /f/ dakevten, beshavten, goften, goftugo, helbeshavten, kevten, serkevten,
/w/ wem, wez
/x/ dokht, dokhtmam, peikham
/εst/: De shywezary derbendki da est mina latinki ud fareski a formel /εst/ dehyte telefuzkerden, ly de gelek zar, shwezar ud shywyn cordki da mina franceski est dehyte nevisten, ly be formy khwe svek /ε/, /jε/, /ə/ dehyte khwenden.
Compound
Compoundyn be ud be hev ve dehyten nevisten, ud a wan u dehyte nevisten. Ev qeide zhe zmany parthi hatie gerten.
daruber, derducol, hevuden, karubar, kheiruber, khelquxsalem, kerucuchek, marumur, reshutari, ryurywani, shelliusheppeli, soruzeppeli, teirutlur, terrujoan, zaruzych, zaruzman
Pronamyn oblic wi,wy, wan yn be suffixa verbal -y dehyten nevisten
Bedet wi/wy/wan. Bedy
Herre wi/wy/wan. Herry
Men golek da wi/wy/wan. Men golek day.
Kever havyt wi/wy/wan. Kevir havyty
Te zhe wi/wy/wan ra got. Te zhy (zhe wi/wy/wan= zhy) ra got. Te goty
Wushyn be diphtonga ei dehyten nevisten
Perrania wushyn be diphtonga ei dehyten nevisten be formy grand /ej/, be formy svek /e/ dehyten telefuzkerden.
Nevisten Telfuza be formy grand Telefuza be formy svek
deir /dεjɾ/ /der/
geilaz /gεjlɑz/ /gelɑz/
kheili /xεjli/ /xeli/
kheir /xεjɾ/ /xeɾ/
meiman /mεjmɑn/ /mevɑn/, /nivɑn/
meiwe /mεjwε/ /mewε/
neinek /nεjnək/ /nenək/
neinuk /nεjnuk/ /nenuk/, /ninog/
peikhamber /p’εjxɑmbεɾ/ /p’exəmbεɾ/
sheikh /ʃεjx/ /ʃex/
peiwest /pεjwəst/ /pewist/
Wushyn be cons.+voc. cort+cons deqeden
berrin, berrek, corr, corri, derri, gonn, gorr, kherr, kerr, merr, perr, pearr, repp, sheccal, xhanne, xsattar
Ev qeide zhe bo consonantyn digraph derbas nabet. Nomune: keshin, khushin, mecheqin, gezh, rezhin, rezh, eghleb, Beghdad
Blend
Zhe do consonantyn sery wushy ra blend dehyte goten. Digraph be blendi nahyten nevisten.
br, bl, bz, bzh: bra, brazi, bru, brusk; bla, blog, blur; bzo, bzen; bzhang,
cr, cl, ct: cremit, cryt, cry; clam, clit; ctan
dr, dl: drama, drav, drem, drop (dlop), druten;
fr, fl: frar, froten, fro; flama, flan byvan,
gr, gl, gd: gram, grar, gri, gry; gli, glok; gdi
hr, hl: hri (heri), hla (hela)
jr, jl: jlyt (gilette),
kr, kl
mr, ml: mrari, mradh,
nr, nl, nm, nv: nmyzh, nvin
pr, pl: protocol, program; plan, ploti
qr, ql, qd: qrar (qerar), qragh, qrut; qlich, qlyr, qloch; qdam, qdy
sr, sl, sp, st, sv: srud, srusht; slav, slivi; spas, spi, sparten, sport; standen, sti, stu, svek
vr, vl: vlek (colilk), vle (gol)
wr, wl: wlo,
tr, tl, tc, tf, tm, ts: tri (fg. treh), trarek, tren, trozi, tli, tlili, tlender; tfal; tmar; tca; tsi
zr, zl, zc, zm, zn: zrar (zerar), zriposh, zreng, zlam, zlut; zcat (zecat); zmag, zman; znar
shr, shl, shk, shm, shq, shv: shrenge, shrut; shlyr; shkeft, shkyr, shma; shqam, shvan, shvile
chr, chl, chc, chma, chn, cht: chra, chrusk; chlo, chlek; chcos (chcus); kchma; chnar; chto
khr, khl, khs, kht, khz: khrar, khrawe, khloring; khsar; khti, khzag, khzan
Blendyn thy kert
str: stran, stri, strin
Namyn reguler yn be -y deden
cry: cria, crian, cry, cryn,
dy: dia, dian, dy, diyn
ry: ria, rian, ry, riyn
thethy: thethia, thethian, thethy, thethiyn
khwy: khwia, khwian, khwy, khwiyn
Namy irreguler yn be -y deqedn
chy: chya, chyan, chy, chyy, chyyn
my: mya, myan, my, myy, myyn,
ty: tya, tyan, ty, tyyn
nety: netya, netyan, nety, netyyn
khwedy: kwedy, khwedan, khwedyn, khwedyo
Wushyn perskerdeny ki ud ky
1. Wusha persy ki de tensyn present ud ayinde yn verbyn transitiv ud intransitiv da, de rewsha nominativ da ki ye.
Ki est? Ki dechet? Ki debyzhet? Ki dekhwen? Ki vedekhwen? Ki dekhwinen? Ki dy bechet? Ki dy bekhwinet? Ki dy beneviset?
2. De rewsha nominativ da de tensyn preterit yn verbyn intransitiv ki est.
Ki bud? Ki bun? Ki chun? Ki bazdan? Ki revian? Ki deherren? Ki nebud? Ki nebun? Ki nechu? Ki nechun? Ki baznedan? Ki nerevian?
3. De rewsha nominativ da de tensyn preterit yn verbyn transitiv da ky est.
Ky got? Ky khwend? Ky khwar? Ky vekhwar? Ky hanin? Ky berden? Ky nevist? Ky nenevist? Ky darek dit? Ky du dar diten? Ky hew qas berkh khwedi kerden. Ky hew qas dew vekhwar.
4. De rewsha accusativ da de tensyn preterit yn verbyn transtitiv da ki est.
Men ki dit? Men ki diten ud ki nediten. Te ki berd. Te ki neberd. Te ki berden. Te ki neberden. We ki revand? We ki revanden? Wan ki hani? Wan ki hanin? Wan ki khwasten ud ki nekhwasten?
De tensy preterit y verbyn transitiv da nominativ ky ud accusativ ki
|
Verb |
Nominativ |
Accusativ |
Yekane |
Perrane |
|
berden |
ky |
ki |
berd |
berden |
|
coshten |
ky |
ki |
cosht |
coshten |
|
dezdin |
ky |
ki |
dezdi |
dezdin |
|
diten |
ky |
ki |
dit |
diten |
|
froshten |
ky |
ki |
frosht |
froten |
|
hanin |
ky |
ki |
hani |
hanin |
|
havyten |
ky |
ki |
havyt |
havyten |
|
heshten |
ky |
ki |
hesht |
heshten |
|
khesten |
ky |
ki |
khest |
khesten |
|
nevisanden |
ky |
ki |
nevisand |
nevisanden |
|
nevisten |
ky |
ki |
nevist |
nevisten |
|
parasten |
ky |
ki |
parast |
parasten |
|
qelebanden |
ky |