Zhe cedsala 11an ta charieka pyshin a cedsala 20an cordan be elifba cordki a be kertyn (xharfyn) xsareban be zmany khwe nevistenen ud khwendenen. De cedsala 20an da dema wary cordan buye penj parche systema nevistena cordki zhi belawela bue. Cord inrozh hina be thy hawai be zmany khwe denevisen. Le Bacorr ud Bashury Rhozhava be alphabeta Hawary a be kertyn roman, le Bashur, Rhozhhelat ud Bashury Rhozhhelat be elifba cordki a be kertyn xsareban a sala 1951i, le Bacorry Rhozhhelat be alphabeta Hawary a be kertyn roman a goherrandi ud alphabeta cordki a be kertyn cril a dema Sovieta bery denevisen.

Alphabeta Newrozi be armanja systemyn nevistena cordki beket yek hatie amadekerden[1]. Zhe ber que de Newrozy da hatie amadekerden me navy Alphabeta Newrozi ly kerdie. De amadekerdena Alphabeta Newrozi da zhe hemi hawayn cordki ud zmanyn proto-cordki py hatenen nevisten sud hatie wergerten. De heman demy da zhe nevistena cordki a cordolog ud gerrcaryn europan ud american yn zhe cedsala 18an ta cedsala 20an zhi sud hatie wergerten.

De nevistena zmanan da do hawayn bengehin yn nishandaina dangan henen. Yek:  nishandaina dengyn teny zmaneki. Italianki, spanyolki, ruski, xsarebki chend nomunyn zhe coma pyshin en. Do: nishandaina dengyn chend zmanan be hev ra. Latinki, fareski, franceski, ingliski chend nomunyn zhe coma dawin en. Romian dema alphabet ud systema nevistena latinki amade kerdene ly khebetine hemi kert u dengyn zmany hellenki be hawaki de nevistena latinki da nishan beden. Fars gotenyn khwe yn be aszlyn khwe zhe xsarebki nen mina xsareban denevisen, ly mina khwe dexwinen. De amadekerdena systema nevistena cordki da me zhe her do hawai zhi sud wergert, ly zhe ber que haway dodian be me rastter, zanestiter ud khweshter hat me khwastie wem porrania dengyn zhe kertyn hellenki, xsarebki ud latinki de gotenyn zhe van zmanan ketenen zmany me da be hawayeki rast benevisen.   

Zhe bo cord becaneben be Alphabet ud Orthographia Newrozi zmany xwe benevisen by goman demek amadehiy lazem est. De vy demy da devyt be orthographia cordki ra systema check-spelling zhi were amadekerden. Zhe bo rastter weren nevisten listyn gotenyn cordki yn zhe zmany xsarebki ud yn ne zhe zmany xsarebki ly be kertyn  de elifba cordki a beri 1951y da hebunen hatenen nevisten weren amadekerden. Devyt listyn zhe gotenyn zmanyn hellenki, latinki ud zmananyn den yn cereke yn europan zhi behyten amadekerden da que rast behyten nevisten, goten ud rast behyten khwenden. De heman demy da devyt listyn gotenyn cordki yn homophon ud homagraph zhi behyten amadekerden da que xhata momkun bet merev becanebet wan de nevisteny da zhe hev jehy beneviset.

Amadekerdena gotenyn cordki yn be formyn khwe yn gran (strong) ud sevec (weak), formy be hev ve (contraction) ud formy temam (full form) zaf gring est. Be formy gran ud formy temam yn wushan, cordkia formal dehyte nevisten, ud be formy sevec ud formy be hev ve yn wushan zhi cordkia neformal dehyte nevisten. Ydi dem hatie mellety cord zhi bebet khwedi zmany khwe y formal ud neformal. De vy rewshy da kesyn cordkia formal hin bebiten be hawaeki hysanter decanen zhe zar ud shywezaryn cordki tybegehyn. Devyt nehyte zhebirkerden que zmany akhafteny zmaneki zaf goherbar est; de nav demy da gelec gotenyn de rastia khwe da homophon nenen zhi deben homophon ud ry le ber tevlehevia manyn wan khwesh debet. Do gondyn nyzdiki hev zhi porr jaran heman gotenan be hawaeki zhe hev juda teleffuzs deken. Zmany formal zhe bo parastena sheclushemala wushan zhi khwedi gringiek by hemta est.

BE SIMBOLYN ALPHABETA PHONETİC A INTERNATIONAL

PHONEMYN CORDKI UD NEVISTENA WAN

Vocal

Simbolyn API[2]		Alphabeta Newrozi		Elifba Newe	Alphabeta Hawary	Alphabeta Cril
1	ɑ	a		ا	a	a
2	ε	e	ea	ە	e	ә
3	i	i		ی	î	и
4	o	o	oa	ۆ	o	о
5	u	u		وو	û	У
6	ə	e o a			i	ь
7	e	y	yy ei	ێ	ê	е
8	ɵ	o		و	u	ӧ
9	ɑ:	a	aa	آ	a	a
10	ε:		ee, ea	ە	e	ә
11	i:		ii	ی	î	и
12	o:		oa, au	ۆ	o	о
13	u:		oo ou	وو	û	У

 

 

 

Consonant

Simbolyn API		Alf. Newrozi		Elifba Newe	Alf. Hawary	Alf. Cril
14	b	b		ب	b	б
15	bh		bh	ب	b	б
16	m	m		م	m	м
17	p	p		پ	p	п
18	pʰ	p	ph	پ	p	п’
19	w	w		و	w	w
20	f	f		ف	f	ф
21	v	v		ڤ	v	в
22	d	d		د	d	д
23	dˤ	dz		ض	dz	д, з
24	dʒ	j		ج	c	щ
25	dʒʰ		jh	ج	c	щ
26	ʒ		zh	ژ	y	ж
27	l	l		ل	l	л
28	ɭ	l	lh	ڵ	l	л’
29	n	n		ن	n	н
30	ŋ	ng		نگ	ng	нг
31	ɾ	r		ر	r	р
32	r	r	rh	ڕ	r	р’
33	s	s	c+e/i/y	س	s	c
34	θ		th	ث	s	c
35	sˤ		sz	ص	s	c
36	ʃ		sh	ش	ş	ш
37	t	t	td	ط	t	т
38	tʰ	t		ت	t	т’
39	z	z		ز	z	з
40	ð		dh	ذ	z	з
41	zˤ		zs	ظ	z	з
42	g	g		گ	g	г
43	k	c k	k+a/o/u, qu+e/i/y	ک	k	к
44	kʰ	c k	k+e/i/y, qu+a,o,u	ک	k	к’
45	q	q		ق	q	q
46	khs ks gz	x		کس گز	ks gz	кc, гз
47	x		kh	خ	x	x
48	ʍ		khw	خو	xw	xw
49	ʁ		gh	غ	ẍ	ѓ
50	h	h		ھ	h	h
51	ħ		xh	ح	ḧ	һ’
52	ɦ	h		ع	h	h
53	Ɂ		’	ء	’
54	ʕ		xs	ع	‘	ә'
55	tɕ		ch cs	چ	ç	ч
56	tʃ		ch	چ	ç	ч’
57	j	y		ی	y	й

 

   Diphtong

Simbolyn API		Diphtong	Nomune
58	ɑɑ	aa	kaa niskan, tdaa wan
59	ɑε	ae	mae, dae
60	ɑi	ai	haidar, daik
61	ɑe	ay	bay corr
62	ɑo	ao	aghao
63	ɑu	au, aw	taus, auk, Australia, bawi, law, tawi, sauna
64	εɑ	ea	idea
65	εε	ee	mangeek
66	εi	ei	hein
67	εe	ey	khwendey
68	εo	eo ewo	bendeo, Hewo
69	εu	eu, ew	deu, dew, gewr, heu, hew, kew europan, rewsh
70	iɑ	ia	piano
71	iε	ie	musicien
72	ii	ii	dara biin
73	ie	iy	rendiy
74	io	io	radio
75	iu	iu iw	stadium, diwar
76	eɑ	ya	chya me
77	ejε	ye	hatye
78	ee	yy	chyy wan
79	ei	yi	chyi
80	eo	yo	Khwedyo
81	eu	yu yw	dyubav, dyw
82	oɑ	oa	cershoa
83	oε	oe	reshoe
84	oe	oy	cershoy
85	oi	oi	iroin
86	oo	oo	csoo, chloo
87	ou	ow	cou, show
88	ɵɑ	oa	joan
89	ɵe	oe	to’y (to dy)
90	ɵi	oi	to i
91	ɵo	oo	kho o (khwe o)
92	ɵu	ou	to ud quy
93	uja, uɑ	ua	bebua, bechua, tuan
94	ujε	ue	bue, chue
95	ue	uy	dara tuy
96	uj, ui	ui	to bui, muin,
97	uo	uo uw	tuo, ruwo
98	uu	uu	buubu, chuubu, uu

 

ALPHABETA NEWROZI

Kert

Kert		Nomune
1	A a	ager
2	B b	berf
3	C c	cusi
4	D d	dar
5	E e	eleg
6	F f	fend
7	G g	ga
8	H h	hyk
9	I i	isot
10	Jj	jotcar
11	K k	kereng
12	L l	lale
13	M m	masi
14	N n	nan
15	O o	ordeg
16	P p	pivaz
17	Q q	qelem
18	R r	rozh
19	S s	syv
20	T t	tazhi
21	U u	uti
22	V v	veshartok
23	W w	weres
24	X x	fax
25	Y y	yzeng, yek
26	Z z	zerdeli

 

Digraph

Digraph		Nomune
1	aa	caar (cahr)
2	ea	bear
3	ee	beer
4	ii	biir
5	au	automobil
6	oa	goal
7	oo	boom
8	ou	boum
9	yy	lyy
10	bh	bhisten
11	ch	cha
12	cs	cseng, cso
13	dh	dhewq
14	dz	Khedzer
15	gh	ghar
16	kh	khani
17	lh	lhor
18	ph	phar
19	qu+e/i/y	quew
20	rh	rhast
21	sz	szal
22	sh	shalul
23	td	tda
24	th	thi, thy
25	xh	xhannar
26	xs	xsawr
27	zh	zhuzhi
28	zs	zselam

 

 

 

ORTHOGRAPHIA NEWROZI

Wem dy de parta Orthographiay da be porrani ji beden methelyn nacoc ud yn xhatda inrozh le ser nehati nevisten.

Digraphyn zhe bo kymkerdena gotenyn homophon ud homograph

Be digraphyn vocal aa, ae, ea, ii, ee, oa, au, ou, oo, yy gotenyn homagraph ud homophon dehyten nevisten.

aa:  Tdaeki bary hespy te khwar est, rast beket. Hew her dem tday hev degeren. Hew be tdaay ketie, beben jem bezhishk. Erdy wi rhast est, quash nene. Bersiva wi rast est. Yek le aliy raasty yek le aliy chepy est.

ee, ea: Le ber khwe myze beket. Insal beary rezan tonne. Sing ud beer. Wi terr kerd. Ev dar tearr en. Daran perr weshanden. Porr, gelek, zor ud zahf khwedi heman many nen. Teshtek de teashty da nemabu. Be deasteki dest belend kerd. Gelek merev be deesty (pandemia) coronay merden.

ii: Dehyt bira men, le vy dery biirek avy hebu. Ev dara biiy est. Myryn bi ud zhenyn bi. Merevyn bery be tir ud kevan bun. Ava wy kaniy tiir bu, nedehat vekhwarden. Lazem est dew ne tiir bet ne zhi ron.

oa, au: Golyn sor, golyn zerd, golyn spi le ber gaula avy bun. Barcelonay do goal havyten Madridy. Automobil boha bunen.

ou, oo: Be quyra touzh biberyn tuzh hur kerden. Do sal baery ez khwendecar bum. Boum ferria. Dengyn bomban dehat behisten, boom, boom! Zhe hoor ud rovian xhaz nedekerd. Pery khwe hour beke. Pivazyn khwe hur beke. Tury khwe avyt baggagey ud le otobusa toury sowar bud.

yy, ei:  Tyr khwarie. Le pei tyyr chu Chiny. Chyiy beket, lyh mebyzhet. Deiny wi ly (le wi/wy/wan) est. Ev lo lo est, lei lei ma est. Ly disa zhi tu dezani.

Be digraphyn consonat cs, ph, td /t/, c+e,i,y, qu+a,e,i,o,u,y ud k+a,o,u teny gotenyn (word) homophon, homograph ud gotenyn zhe zmanyn bygane yn wosan dehyten nevisten ud van dengan deden, dehyten nevisten.

c+e,i,y /θ/-/s/: cinema, police, ambulance, bicyclet, piece, franceski, Barcelona

cs: De germy da ben csengy merev khwi dedet. Chenga wi shekia. Cso de deastan da le pei kery barkeri cho choa wi bu. Cseka khwe havyt peshta khwe ud chu sherr. Bazergan dekanet de shuna pere da chek bedet. Zhe musicienyn cheang ly dekhen ra cheangi dehyte goten.

qu+a,e,i,o,y ud k+a,o,u /k/, /k^h/: Bazergany zhyhati cary khwe zhi quara khwe zhi dezanet. Cary ty da quar tonne bet car nene. De vi cari da quar tonne. quyra khwe touzh kerd. Quyra men zhe bo berrina vi dari be kyr nahyt. Qua (fg quany) te cheqas ca kerri? Bazergyn zhe cary froshtena vi kari (fg. kahr) be qasi cary froshtena cardiy (fs. cari) zhi quar nekerd. Kesi kesa pryza genem berhev nekerd. Kelemyn senjy zaf dejwar en. Zhe dara mazi ra le hendek deran myshe ud le hendek deran zhi keleam dehyt goten. Zhe bazary quelem kerrin ud zhe bo shivy paten. Be corman avy vedekhwet, be korman masian degeret…

ph /p^h/: Car le hev phar kerden.

td /t/: Be tay ketebu. Terzi tda be derzia khwe ve kerd ud deast be drutena kenjan kerd. Tdol nacanet tola khwe heldet.

Gotenyn be digraphyn lh ud rh dehyten nevisten

Hemi r ud l yn le cery gotenyn cordki phonemyn /r/ ud /ɭ/ nen. Ev her do digraph teny teny le cery gotenyn homophon dehyten nevisten.

lh: Lhema mangy tezhe shir bue. Lor zhe lhor xhaz deken. O laz lhaz o. Lhori lhoria lor bu.

rh /r/: Rhozh jihany ronahi deket. Rozhek 24 saxsat est. Erdy wi rhast est, quash nene. Bersiva wi rast est. Yek le aliy raasty bu, yek aliy chepy. Rha le Mesra bery navy khwedaeki est.

Kymkerdena gotenyn homograph

De zmaneki da porrbuna gotenyn homograph hendek jaran decanet ry le ber thevlehevia manyn van gotenan vebeket. Zhe nomunyn de tabloa zhyrin da hatenen nevisten rend khwia debet que merev decanet be nevistena zmany formal (be formyn gran yn gotenan) de derenjeke ne hendek da hezhmara homgraphan kym beket. Devyt ev formyn gran yn gotenan inrozh hina zhi qet nebet le deverek wary be vi zmani deng deken berdewam biten. By goman merev decanet de nevistena formal da jih bedet chend gotenyn analog zhi, ly de zmaneki da hezhmara van cheqas kym bet, hewqas qenj est.

Nevisten	Goten be API	Be ingliski
ader (fs: ar) n. m.	ɑdəɾ (fs: ɑ:ɾ)	fire
ager (fs: ar) n. m.	ɑgəɾ (fs: ɑ:ɾ)	fire
ard (fs: ar) n. m.	ɑɾd	flour
hard, erd, xsard, n. m.	hɑ:ɾd, ε:ɾd, ʕɑɾd,	earth
bad (fs: ba) n. m.	bɑd (fs: bɑ)	wind
bal (fs: ba) prep.	bɑl (fs: bɑ:)	next to
baal n. z.	bɑ:l	attention
balh (bezhnubalh)	bɑ:ɭ	stature
bang (fs: ba)	bɑ	appeal, call
bar n. z.	bɑɾ	bar
baar n. m.	bɑɾ	load
brader (fs: bra)	bɾɑdεɾ	brother
be rasti (fs: bera)	bε rɑsti (fs: bərɑ:)	actually, really
bra (fs: bla)	bɾɑ (fs: blɑ)	let someone do something
bir n. z. birhanin v.	biɾ biɾhɑnin	mind, remember
biir n. z.	bi:ɾ	well
bid (fs: bi) n. z.	bid (fs bi)	willow tree
bi adj.	bi:	widow
bum v.	bum	I was. I became.
boum n. m z.	bum	owl
boom inter.	bu:m	boom
quani, quany (fs: qua) pors.	khɑni, khɑne (fs: khɑ)	where
ka n. z.	kɑ	straw, hay, chaff
kahni (fs: kani)	kɑhni (fs: kɑ:ni)	fountain
quani adj.	khɑni	about source
cal adj.	khɑl	raw fruit or vegetable
kahl (fs: kal) n. m.	kɑhl (fs: kɑ:l)	grand father, grandpa
car n. m.	kʰɑɾ	work
quar n. z.	kʰɑ:ɾ	income, earning, gain
cahr (fs: caar), ked n. m.. z.	kɑɦɾ (fs: kɑ:ɾ), kəd	kid, capricorn
quo (quo dery) prs.	kʰɵ	where
coh (fs: cou) n. m.	kʰɵh (fs: kʰo:w)	mountain
quash n. m.	kʰɑʃ	collin
cash kerden v.	kʰɑʃkʰəɾdən, kʰɑʃkəɾən	to draw, to pull
cheng n. z.	tʃεŋ	chin
cseng (bezishki) n. m.	tɕεŋ	axilla (medicine)
cer n. m.	sε:ɾ	head
ser prep.	sεɾ	on
cearr (fs: sal) n. z.	sεr	year
cerr n. z.	sər	secret
serr adj.	sər	cool
cho	tʃo:	giddap (said to make a donkey move forward)
cso n. m.	tɕo:	stick, baton
coart n. z.	kho:ɾt	col, hole, trench
cort adj.	kɵɾt	short
cor (fs: cur) adj.	khoɾ (fs: kuɾ)	blind
cour adj.	khuɾ	deep
corr	kɵr	boy, son
corri	khɵri	colt, young horse or donkey
dear adj. adv.	dε:ɾ	out
dergeh (fs: der) n. m.	dεɾgεh (fs: dεɾ)	door
dher adv.	ðεɾ	there
deast n. m.	dεst	hand
deest n. m.	dεst	pandemic
dest n. z.	dəst	cauldron
ferr n. z.	fər	flight
fert (fs: ferr) n. z.	fəɾt (fs: fər)	(a)    sip, (a) sup
geran pr.	gɾɑn	the collins
gran adj.	gɾɑ:n	heavy, strong
ger n. m.	gəɾ	collin
gers (fs: ger) adj.	gəɾs (fs: gəɾ)	big, huge
goh (fs: go)	gɵh (fs: go:)	ear
got (fs: go)	got (fs: go:)	said
ques n.	khεs	big straw, useless straw
kes n.	khε:s	person, nobody, no one
khward (fs: khwar) v.	ʍɑɾd (fs: ʍɑɾ)	ate
khwahr (fs: khwaar) adj.	ʍɑ:ɾ	crooked, curve, wry
khwar adv. pre	ʍɑɾ	below, down
quyr n. z.	kheɾ	knife
kyr adj.	keɾ	useful
kewe (fs: kew)	kεwε (fs: kεw)	blue
quew	kεw	partridge, grouse
mahr (fs: maar) n. m., z.	mɑɦɾ (fs: mɑ:ɾ)	snake
mar n. z.	mɑ:ɾ	marriage
noa	no	naughty
na, no	nɑ: no:	no
par adj.	pɑɾ	las year
phar n. z.	phɑ:ɾ	share, portion, equal part, part, dividend,
perd (fs: perr) n. z.	phəɾd (fs: phər)	bridge
porr adj.	pher	very, a lot, lots
piu! (pii!) interj.	piu (fs: pi:)	phew!
phi n. m.	phi	dad, father
phii n. z.	phi:	peace
pi n. m.	phi	arm, chol (medicine)
rast	rɑst	right, straight
raast	rɑ:st	flat
rhast	rɑst	right direction
rozh (fs: ro)	ro:ʒ (fs: ro:)	day
rhozh (fs: rho)	roʒ (fs: ro:)	sun
rubar (fs: ro)	rubɑɾ (fs: ro)
sal (fg: serr) n. z.	sɑl	year
saal, n. m.	sɑ:l	flagstone
sheav n. z.	ʃεv	night
shev n. m.	ʃəv	sprig, switch, vimen,
shirin (fs: shyrin) adj.	ʃiɾin	sweet
shyrin adj.	ʃeɾin	leonine, like a lion
ta n. m.	tɑ	strand, yarn. sapling, plant
tda n. z.	thɑ	malaria
taa n. m.	thɑ:	side, way, part, favour
tdar (fs: tdaa) adj.	thɑr (fs: thɑ:)	further, farer
tdyhni (fs: tdii) adj.	thehni (fs: thi:)	thirsty
tdi n. m.	thi	brother in law
tdesht n. z.	thεʃt	basin, washbasin
tesht n. m.	təʃt	thing
tearr adj.	tεr	sappy (tree), humid, wet
terr n. z.	tər	fart
tir	tiɾ	arrow
tiir	ti:ɾ	thick
to (fs: te) pro.	tɵ (fs: tə),	thou (you)
toa n. z	to:	cream
te pro.	tε	thee
tdo (fs: tde) det.	tho: (fs: thə)	never, any, none
xhaj n. z.	ħɑdʒ	pilgrimage
xhaaj, hej n. m.	ħɑ:dʒ, hεdʒ	dry tree branch
zaar n. z.	zɑ:ɾ	dice
zar n. m.	zɑɾ	dialect
sar n. z.	zɑɾ	membrane
zsaar adj.	zˤɑ:r	Imitation speaking of someone to annoy.
zarr n. m.	zˤɑr	child
zoar adv.	zo:ɾ	very, a lot. In German sehr
zor adj.	zoɾ	difficult, troublesome, hard, tough, crucial
pun (fs: pin) n. z.	phun (fs: phin)	coop
pyhn (fs: piin) n. z.	pehn (fs: pi:n)	kick, hack

 

Gotenyn be digraphyn dh, dz, sz, xh, xs, zs dehyten nevisten

Be digraphyn xs, gh, xh, dh, dz, sz, zs be porrani gotenyn cordki yn be aszly khwe xsarebki dehyten nevisten. Vazhyn cordki yn de textyn classikyn cordki da be ebjeda cordki be kertyn ع, غ, ح, ذ, ص, ظ,   hatenen nevisten be van digraphan dehyten nevisten.

dh dheka, dheki, dhewq, ledhet, ledhidh

dz dzaif, dzerb, dzeruret, fodzuli, remedzan, khedzer

gh gherib, ghezal, gholam, naghme, shoghol

sz faszulia, ikhtiszasz, moszibet, qeszide

xh xhaakim, xhadith, xhaj, maxhkum, raxhm, reixhan, roxh

xs el xsaalem, xsamel, xsameliat, ixstiraf, moxsawin, qetxsi, saxsat

zs zsolm, lefzs, mazslum, menzser, nezser, nizsam, zsalem, zselam, zserf

Hendek gotenyn cordki yn be aszlyn khwe zhe xsarebki nenen zhi be kertyn xsareban yn zhe bo van digraphan hatenen nevisten.

dh caghedh

gh agha, caghedh

sz szal, szadeq

xh xhaisht (hesht), xhaft (heft)

xs xsaini, xsalem, xsatdar

zs zselam, zsalem, nizsam

Be xharfa k nevistena vazhyn xsarebki

Vazhyn cordki yn be aszly khwe xsarebki nen ud de xsarebki da be xharfa ک dehyten nevisten her dem be xharfa k dehyten nevisten. Ev hawa be heman characteri nevistena vazhyn zhe  heman gotena asli momkun deket:

kateb, kitab, kotobkhane, mekteb, mektub, imkan, momkun, xhokumet, kamel, kahl, kashif, keshf, mokemmel, kahen, mikail, kolli, kafer, koffar, shokor, xsaks, xsaksi, Shokri, Shokran, Mokremin

Be xharfa k nevistena vazhyn zmanyn slavic

Vazhyn slavic yn de zmany aszli da be xharfa k dehyten nevisten ud vazhyn de zmanyn be alphabeta cyrillic be xharfa к dehyten nevisten, de latinki, franceski ud ingliski da be be xharfa k dehyten nevisten de cordki da zhi be xharfa k dehyten nevisten:

Dostoievki, Kalinin, Kiev,  Koln, kolkhoz, perestroika, Ukraina, Trotski, Gorki, Moskowa

 

Be xharfa k nevistena hendek vazhyn hellenki

 

Vazhyn de hellenki da be xharfa κ, de latinki, franceski ud ingliski da be xharfa k dehyten nevisten de cordki da zhi be xharfa k dehyten nevisten:

Empedokles, kilo, kilogram, kilometro, Mitsotakis

 

Vazhyn de hellenki da be xharfa κ, de latinki, franceski ud ingliski da be xharfa c dehyten nevisten de cordki da be xharfa c dehyten nevisten:

democrati, economia, macro-,  micro-, Democritus, Epicurus, Constantin, Socrates

 

Gotenyn be gemination

Consonantyn be digraphan dehyten nevisten ne ty da, hemi consonant de rewsha be shedde ud gemination da le ber vocalan dobare deben.

bb moebbed, rebb

cc sheccal, shecco, Becco, ricco

dd gheddar, moqeddes

ff coffek, qoffek (zembila pechuk)

gg aggressiv, reggae, ziggurat

hh Dehhak, qehhar

jj dejjal, xhajji, xsajjeqin

kk dhekki, Dikkel Agha, sheccal, shekker, sikke

ll chell, chelle, chellek, ghelle, golli, khellek, qollek, melle, shelleki, shelli, khellasz

mm communist, emman, gomm, ommet, temme, xhammal

nn gonn, gunni, jenn, jenni, jennet, tonne, xhanne

pp gepp, geppek, goppal, qeppar, sheppal, teppek, zeruzeppeli, zoppe,

qq beqqal, cheqqal, reqqas,

rr bacorr, bay corr, berrhozh, berrin, corr, derri (stri), cherr, cherranek, chirryn, porr, qeisian, errik, ferrin, gearrek, gorri, kerrin, qerrash, qerrek, qirrin, sherr, terr, tearr, terral, terri, terrole, varrek, verr, verrni, xharri, zerrbav, zerrguni, zerrin, zyrrin

ss hessen (xhassen), curressin, cussi, melessin, messin, pessik, tessi

tt bettani, cottan, fittek, sette (settyn mywan), xhatta, xsattar

vv bevv, bevvy (zhe zmany zarran), kevver, tevver

ww gewwer bunden, khewwerin, qewwad, qowwet

yy xsayyar, beyyar, teyyar, teyyare, seyyar,

zz bezzin, chezz, chezzin, kezzin, kezzerin, qozz, qozzolqort, rezzin, xsizzet

Gotenyn be vocalek cort ud 2 consonantan den deqeden

berq

chelk

chelm

colm (korm)

cord

corm

cort

delq

fecr

fert

geshk

gesht

gorg

gorm

gorz

jord (jerd)

jorm

kheshm

khesht

khoshk

meshk

perd

pert

pert

pesht

qorm

qort

rend

shocr

tesht

verd (ver da)

vert

werd (wy da)

zert

zsolm

 

Gotenyn be -k deqeden

Zhe ber que de cordki da suffixyn be -e, -i, -y henen, gotenyn cordki be kerta -c naqeden, be kerta -k deqeden. Ev qeide zhe bo gotenyn cordki yn zhe zmanyn be alphabetek deri alphabeta roman dehyten nevisten hatenen gerten zhi derbas debet.

Nomune:

belek, buk, dak, daik, dylek, chaidank, chariek, calek, chek, chevik, chik, chrusk, colek, colilk, dak, dik, gelek, gaulek, glok, golek, hesk, holek, hyk, jolek, kek, khellek, khelk, lek, kevchidank, kevok, mak, meshk, mrishk, nisk, nok, peshek, psik, puk, qalek, qezhak, qerrek, rekk, reshk, cerek, cerok, cereak, ceri shek, xsalok, yek, zarrok, zek, zirek, …

Gushiy consonanti khwe

De cordki da gushieki consonanti heye. Hew zhi khwe est.

kwarden, khwasten, khwe, khwaar, khwahr, khwasi, khwenche, khweda (khoda), khwedan, khwedi, khwedy, khweli, khwenden, khweng, khwesh, khwesu (khwesi), khwesh, khweshi, khwi, khwin, khwy

Nevistena purveserkyn da, ra, ve

Her che qas le hendek deveryn Cordan de zmany gella le shuna da, ra, ve purvesergyn de, re, ve hebiten zhi, zhe ber que le porrania wary cordan ud de edebiata cordi a classic da ev purveserk da, ra, ve nen, de cordia grand ud cordia standard da be da, ra, ve dehyten nevisten.

Men zhe wi ra got. Mala wi de nav daran da bud. Zhe hakhafteny porr xhaz dekerd, dema depeivi ta be derziy ve dekerd.

Verbyn be purveserk

da- dabezin, dabohorin, dachekin, dagerten, dahnin, dakevten, dakhesten, daleqin, damezrin, daqortin, darezin, dawerevin, daweshin

hel- helbezharten, helbun, helchenin, helferrin, helgerten, helhanin,  helhaten, helkerden, heldan, helpekin, helperin, helqetin, helseganden, helweshin

ra- rabun, rachenin, raferrin, ragerten, raheshten, rakerden, rakhesten, rakevten, ramusin, raperin, raweshin, razan,

ve- vearqelin, vekerden, vekevten, vekhwarden, velisten, veneshten, veqetin, verreshin, veshkin, vexhawin (vexhabin), vezhin

Porrania namyn dehyten hezhmarten

Porrania be hejmaran ra

do syv, thy syv, char syv

Porrania be verban dehyte tygehishten

syv henen, khani chykerden, kitab khwenden, joan haten

Rewsha nominativ

syvan

Porrania rewsha genitiv

syvyn te, khaniyn wan, kitabyn men, joanyn me

Porrania rewsha accusative

Noca …

Wez syvan dekhwem

Tu syvan dekhwi

Hew syvan dekhwe

Wem syvan dekhwen

Hun syvan dekhwen

Hew syvan dekhwen

Doh …

Men syv khwarden

Te syv khwarden

Wi  syv khwarden

Wy syv khwarden

Me syv khwarden

Hewe syv khwarden

Wan syv khwarden

Porrania rewsha vocativ

Syvno!

Rewsha nominativ a yekaneti ud porranetia diar ud nediar

Yekana Nediar	Ingliski	Yekana Diar	Ingliski	Porrania Nominativ	Ingliski
bazek	a hawk	baz	the hawk	bazan	hawks
bazharek	a city	bazhar	the city	bazharan	cities
kalek	an old man	kal	the old man	kalan	old men
chemek	a stream	chem	the stream	cheman	streams
darek	a tree	dar	the tree	daran	trees
deriek	a door	deri	the door	derian	doors
fendek	a candle	fend	the candle	fendan	candles
gaek	an ox	ga	the ox	gaan	Oxes
geliek	a valley	geli	the valley	gelian	valleys
golek	a rose	gol	the rose	golan	roses
herchek	a bear	herch	the bear	herchan	bears
jamiek	a mosque	jami	the mosque	jamian	mosques

 

Nevistena gotenyn zhe zmanyn bygane

Gotenyn zhe zmanyn be alphabeta roman (latin) dehyten hatenen gerten be 26 kertyn cordki dehyten nevisten. Kertyn khoszuszi van wushan zhe aliy shekli ve nyzdiki quizhan kerta cordki ben be wy dehyten nevisten. Zmanyn be ne be alphabeta roman, ly be alphabetek den dehyten nevisten be porrani de cordki da chawa dehyten goten wer dehyten nevisten.

Nevistena gotenyn graeko-roman

Gotenyn graeko-roman yn be latinki ch hatenen nevisten ud zhe ber que de latinki dengy /x/ tonne /k/ hatenen khwenden be kh dehyten nevisten. Chemki ev goten de rewsha khwe a original da be hellenki be x dehyten nevisten ud be /x/ dehyten teleffuzkirin.

archaeologia, psychologia, choreographia, chaos, character, chrom, psychiatria

Gotenyn be y dehyten nevisten ud /i:/ dehyten goten

Gotenyn be aszlyn khwe hellenki nen, de latinki da be y dehyten nevisten ud /i:/ dehyten goten de cordki da be i dehyten nevisten:

academi, anatomi, analis, bicyclet, crystal, dynamo, dynamic, enzym, etymologia, lirism, melodi, python, psychologia, rhythm, synonym

Gotenyn be ph dehyten nevisten ud /f/ dehyten goten

Gotenyn be ph dehyten nevisten ud /f/ dehyten khwenden be ph dehyten nevisten. Chemki dema ev goten zhe hellenki ketenen latinki be kerta que inrozh grek phonema /f/ denevisen phonema p a aspirant /p^h/ hatie nevisten.

philologia, philosophia, philosoph, phon, phonem, phonetican, photograph, geographia, graphican, diphtong, digraph, telephon, telegraph

Gotenyn de latinki da be suffixa -ve deqeden

Gotenyn de latinki da be suffixa -ve deqeden de cordki da by suffixa -e dehyten nevisten:   

alternativ, alternativa, alternativiti, alternativy, alternativo, alternativan, alternativyn

negativ, negativa, negativiti, negativy, negativo, negativan, negativyn

positiv, positiva, positiviti, positivy, positivo, positivan, positivyn

Gotenyn de latinki da be suffixa -icus, de hellenki da be suffixa -ikos deqeden

Gotenyn graeco-roman yn de hellenki da be suffixa –ikos deqeden de latinki da be suffixa -icus deqeden de cordki da be suffixa -ic deqeden:

agnostic, archaeologic, biologic, democratic, ecologic, geographic, geometric, mathematic, music, optic, physic, technic

Gotenyn de hellenki ud latinki da be suffixa porraniy -a deqeden

Gotenyn de latinki da be suffixa porraniy -a deqeden de inliski da be be suffixa porraniy -s deqeden de cordki da be suffixa porraniy -an deqeden.

Latinki	Ingliski	Cordki
botanica	botanics	botanican
genetica	genetics	genetican
kinetica	kinetics	kinetican
mathematica	mathematics	mathematican
musica	musics	musican
oeconomica	economics	economican
physica	physics	physican

 

Gotenyn xsarebki, fareski, cordki ud torki yn be torki be xharfa ü dehyten nevsten

Gotenyn xsarebki, fareski, cordki ud torki yn be turki be xharfa ü dehyten nevisten be cordki be xharfa o dehyten nevisten, de zmany gran da /ɵ/, de zmany sevek da /ə/ dehyten teleffuzskerden.

Nevisten	Teleffuzsa be zmany gran	Teleffuzsa be zmany sevek
bolbol	bɵlbɵl	bəlbəl
bolend	bɵlεnd	blənd
colostor	khɵlɵstɵɾ	khɵləstəɾ
conji	kɵndʒi	kəndʒi
doldol	dɵldɵl	dəldəl
donia	dɵnjɑ	dənjɑ
gorm	gɵɾm	gəɾm
Honer	hɵnεɾ	hənεɾ
joda	dʒɵdɑ	dʒədɑ
jord	dʒɵɾd	dʒəɾd
jorm	dʒɵɾm	dʒəɾm
modur	mɵduɾ	mədu:ɾ
momkun	mɵmkhun	məmkhun
molk	mɵlk	məlk
monaqeşe	mɵnɑqεʃε	mənɑqεʃε
monewwer	mɵnεwwεɾ	mənεwwεɾ
mojadele	mɵdʒɾdεlε	mədʒɑdεlε
mordar	mɵɾdɑ:ɾ	məɾdɑ:ɾ
nomune	nɵmune	nəmune
porr	phɵr	phər
Soleiman	sɵlejman	səleman
sorgun	sɵɾgun	səɾgun
Torkan	tɵɾkɑn	təɾkɑn
torki	thɵrki	thərki
zsolom	zˤɵlɵm	zˤəlm

 

Porrania nediar (porrania indefinit)

Porrania nediar, be gotenek den porrania hendek, de gotenyn be consonanteky deqeden da be suffixa -en, de gotenyn be vocaleky deqeden da be suffixa -inen dehyte nishandain. Dema ev goten peshti wusha henden behyten nevisten by van suffixan dehyten nevisten.

bazharen         hendek bazhar

cheken            hendek chek

deren               hendek der

golen               hendek gol

gonden                       hendek gond

hyzhiren          hendek hyzhir

mereven          hendek merev

syven              hendek syv

zarren              hendek zarr

bazharinen      hendek bazhari

charenen         hendek chare

derinen            hendek deri

gondinen         hendek gondi

masenen          hendek mase

tahzhinen        hendek tahzhi

Be prespositionyn be, de, le, zhe ra nevistena navyn merdane

Nam                Be …              De …              Le …              Zhe

ager                 be ager                        de ager                        le ager             zhe ager

Ali                   be Ali              de Ali              le Ali               zhe Ali

Beg                 be beg             de beg             le beg              zhe beg

Bergo              be Bergo         de Bergo         le Bergo          zhe Bergo

chahv              be chahv         de chahv         le chahv          zhe chahv

chem               be chem          de chem          le chem           zhe chem

corr                 be corr             de corr            le corr              zhe corr

deast               be deast          de deast          le deast           zhe deast

dik                  be dik              de dik             le dik               zhe dik

Dijle                be Dijle           de Dijle           le Dijle            zhe Dijle

gond               be gond           de gond          le gond            zhe gond

gorg                be gorg            de gorg           le gorg             zhe gorg

hesp (nyr)        be hesp            de hesp           le hesp             zhe hesp

Jemil               be Jemil           de Jemil          le Jemil            zhe Jemil

khwedy           be khwedy      de khwedy      le khwedy       zhe khwedy

mahr                be mahr           de mahr           le mahr            zhe mahr

nyri                 be nyri             de nyri            le nyri              zhe nyri

Shyrgo                        be Shyrgo       de Shyrgo       le Shyrgo        zhe Shyrgo

tri                    be tri               de tri               le tri                zhe tri

Navyn continentan

Africa

America

Australia

Asia

Europa

Navyn dewletan

Navên welatan de zmanyn germanic da be -land, de xsarebki da be suffixa -ia, de fareski da be -ostan (-istan), de cordki da be porrani be -an deqeden. Ev navyn dewletan xsayni mina navyn gelek gund ud herymyn cordan de jomly da natewen ud suffix nagren, de rewshyn nominal, dativ, accusativ, possessiv, locativ ud vocativ da naguherren; her dem de rewsha khwe a sade da deminen.

Nomune 1: Ez chum Faresan. Faresan welateki jiran est. Ew zhe Faresan dehyt. Ew le Faresan dekhebetet.  Mala wan le Faresan est. Hun dy quinga herren Faresan. Tajik zhe Faresan xhaz deken. Hei gdi Faresan. Komara Faresan

Nomune 2: Ez chum Botan. Botan wareki khwesh est. Ew zhe Botan dehyt. Ew le Botan dekhebetet. Mala wan le Botan est. Hun dy quinga herren Botan. Cordmanj zhe Botan xhaz deken. Hei gdi Botan, Heryma Botan

 

Africa Bashur

America

Andorra

Angola

Antigua ud Barbuda

Argentina

Arian, Iran

Arnautan

Australia

Austuria

Azerbaijan, Athropatane

Bahaman

Barbados

Baxhrein

Belarus

Belgium

Belize

Bengladesh

Benin

Bharat, Hindistan

Bhutan

Bolivia

Bosnia Hersek

Bostwana

Bresilia

Brunei

Bulgaran

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cabo Verde

Cambodia

Camerun

Canada

Catalunia

Cazakhestan, Cazakhan

Chad

Chad

Chechia

Chili

Chin

Columbia

Comara Africa Central

Comara Dominican

Comoros

Cordan

Core

Cosovo

Costa Rica

Cote d’Ivoire

Croatan, Khervatan

Cuba

Cuweit

Denmark

Djibouti

Dominica