ORTHOGRAPHIA CORDKI

Zhe cedsala 11an ta charieka pyshin a cedsala 20an cordan be elifba cordki a be kertyn (xharfyn) xsareban be zmany khwe nevistenen ud khwendenen. De cedsala 20an da dema wary cordan buye penj parche systema nevistena cordki zhi belawela bue. Cord inrozh hina be thy hawai be zmany khwe denevisen. Le Bacorr ud Bashury Rozhava be alphabeta Hawary a be kertyn roman, le Bashur, Rozhhelat ud Bashury Rozhhelat be elifba cordki a be kertyn xsareban a sala 1951i, le Bacorry Rozhhelat be alphabeta Hawary a be kertyn roman a goherrandi ud alphabeta cordki a be kertyn cril a dema Sovieta bery denevisen.
Alphabeta Newrozi be armanja systemyn nevistena cordki beket yek hatie amadekerden[1]. Zhe ber co de Newrozy da hatie amadekerden me navy Alphabeta Newrozi ly kerdie. De amadekerdena Alphabeta Newrozi da zhe hemi hawayn cordki ud zmanyn proto-cordki py hatenen nevisten sud hatie wergerten. De heman demy da zhe nevistena cordki a cordolog ud gerrcaryn europan ud american yn zhe cedsala 18an ta cedsala 20an zhi sud hatie wergerten.
De nevistena zmanan da do hawayn bengehin yn nishandaina dangan henen. Yek: nishandaina dengyn teny zmaneki. Italianki, spanyolki, ruski, xsarebki chend nomunyn zhe coma pyshin en. Do: nishandaina dengyn chend zmanan be hev ra. Latinki, fareski, franceski, ingliski chend nomunyn zhe coma dawin en. Romian dema alphabet ud systema nevistena latinki amade kerdene ly khebetine hemi kert u dengyn zmany hellenki be hawaki de nevistena latinki da nishan beden. Fars gotenyn khwe yn be aszlyn khwe zhe xsarebki nen mina xsareban denevisen, ly mina khwe dexwinen. De amadekerdena systema nevistena cordki da me zhe her do hawai zhi sud wergert, ly zhe ber co haway dodian be me rastter, zanestiter ud khweshter hat me khwastie wem perrania dengyn zhe kertyn hellenki, xsarebki ud latinki de gotenyn zhe van zmanan ketenen zmany me da be hawayeki rast benevisen.
Zhe bo cord becaneben be Alphabet ud Orthographia Newrozi zmany xwe benevisen by goman demek amadehiy lazem est. De vy demy da devyt be orthographia cordki ra systema check-spelling zhi were amadekerden. Zhe bo rastter weren nevisten listyn gotenyn cordki yn zhe zmany xsarebki ud yn ne zhe zmany xsarebki ly be kertyn de elifba cordki a beri 1951y da hebunen hatenen nevisten weren amadekerden. Devyt listyn zhe gotenyn zmanyn hellenki, latinki ud zmananyn den yn cereke yn europan zhi behyten amadekerden da co rast behyten nevisten, goten ud rast behyten khwenden. De heman demy da devyt listyn gotenyn cordki yn homophon ud homagraph zhi behyten amadekerden da co xhata momkun bet merev becanebet wan de nevisteny da zhe hev jehy beneviset.
Amadekerdena gotenyn cordki yn be formyn khwe yn gran (strong) ud sevec (weak), formy be hev ve (contraction) ud formy temam (full form) zaf gring est. Be formy gran ud formy temam yn wushan, cordkia formal dehyte nevisten, ud be formy sevec ud formy be hev ve yn wushan zhi cordkia neformal dehyte nevisten. Ydi dem hatie mellety cord zhi bebet khwedi zmany khwe y formal ud neformal. De vy reushy da kesyn cordkia formal hin bebiten be hawaeki hysanter decanen zhe zar ud shywezaryn cordki tybegehyn. Devyt nehyte zhebirkerden co zmany akhafteny zmaneki zaf goherbar est; de nav demy da gelec gotenyn de rastia khwe da homophon nenen zhi deben homophon ud ry le ber tevlehevia manyn wan khwesh debet. Do gondyn nyzdiki hev zhi perr jaran heman gotenan be hawaeki zhe hev juda teleffuzs deken. Zmany formal zhe bo parastena sheclushemala wushan zhi khwedi gringiek by hemta est.
BE SIMBOLYN ALPHABETA PHONETİC A INTERNATIONAL
PHONEMYN CORDKI UD NEVISTENA WAN
Vocal
Simbolyn API[2] |
Alphabeta Newrozi |
Elifba Newe |
Alphabeta Hawary |
Alphabeta Cril |
||
1 |
ɑ |
a |
|
ا |
a |
a |
2 |
ε |
e |
ea |
ە |
e |
ә |
3 |
i |
i |
|
ی |
î |
и |
4 |
o |
o |
oa |
ۆ |
o |
о |
5 |
u |
u |
|
وو |
û |
У |
6 |
ə |
e o a |
|
|
i |
ь |
7 |
e |
y |
yy ei |
ێ |
ê |
е |
8 |
ɵ |
o |
|
و |
u |
ӧ |
9 |
ɑ: |
|
aa |
آ |
a |
a |
10 |
ε: |
|
ee |
ە |
e |
ә |
11 |
i: |
|
ii |
ی |
î |
и |
12 |
o: |
|
au |
ۆ |
o |
о |
13 |
u: |
|
oo ou |
وو |
û |
У |
Consonant
Simbolyn API |
Alf. Newrozi |
Elifba Newe |
Alf. Hawary |
Alf. Cril |
||
14 |
b |
b |
|
ب |
b |
б |
15 |
bh |
|
bh |
ب |
b |
б |
16 |
m |
m |
|
م |
m |
м |
17 |
p |
p |
|
پ |
p |
п |
18 |
pʰ |
p |
ph |
پ |
p |
п’ |
19 |
w |
w |
|
و |
w |
w |
20 |
f |
f |
|
ف |
f |
ф |
21 |
v |
v |
|
ڤ |
v |
в |
22 |
d |
d |
|
د |
d |
д |
23 |
dˤ |
dz |
|
ض |
dz |
д, з |
24 |
dʒ |
j |
|
ج |
c |
щ |
25 |
dʒʰ |
|
jh |
ج |
c |
щ |
26 |
ʒ |
|
zh |
ژ |
y |
ж |
27 |
l |
l |
|
ل |
l |
л |
28 |
ɭ |
l |
lh |
ڵ |
l |
л’ |
29 |
n |
n |
|
ن |
n |
н |
30 |
ŋ |
ng |
|
نگ |
ng |
нг |
31 |
ɾ |
r |
|
ر |
r |
р |
32 |
r |
r |
rh |
ڕ |
r |
р’ |
33 |
s |
s |
c+e/i/y |
س |
s |
c |
34 |
θ |
|
th |
ث |
s |
c |
35 |
sˤ |
|
sz |
ص |
s |
c |
36 |
ʃ |
|
sh |
ش |
ş |
ш |
37 |
t |
t |
td |
ط |
t |
т |
38 |
tʰ |
t |
|
ت |
t |
т’ |
39 |
z |
z |
|
ز |
z |
з |
40 |
ð |
|
dh |
ذ |
z |
з |
41 |
zˤ |
|
zs |
ظ |
z |
з |
42 |
g |
g |
|
گ |
g |
г |
43 |
k |
c k |
ck |
ک |
k |
к |
44 |
kʰ |
c k |
qu+a/e/i/o/y |
ک |
k |
к’ |
45 |
q |
q |
|
ق |
q |
q |
46 |
khs ks gz |
x |
|
کس گز |
ks gz |
кc, гз |
47 |
x |
|
kh |
خ |
x |
x |
48 |
ʍ |
|
khw |
خو |
xw |
xw |
49 |
ʁ |
|
gh |
غ |
ẍ |
ѓ |
50 |
h |
h |
|
ھ |
h |
h |
51 |
ħ |
|
xh |
ح |
ḧ |
һ’ |
52 |
ɦ |
h |
|
ع |
h |
h |
53 |
Ɂ |
|
’ |
ء |
’ |
|
54 |
ʕ |
|
xs |
ع |
‘ |
ә' |
55 |
tɕ |
|
ch cs |
چ |
ç |
ч |
56 |
tʃ |
|
ch |
چ |
ç |
ч’ |
57 |
j |
y |
|
ی |
y |
й |
Diphtong
Simbolyn API |
Diphtong |
Nomune |
|
58 |
ɑɑ |
aa |
kaa niskan, tdaa wan |
59 |
ɑε |
ae |
mae, dae |
60 |
ɑi |
ai |
haidar, daik |
61 |
ɑe |
ay |
bay corr |
62 |
ɑo |
ao |
aghao |
63 |
ɑu |
au, aw |
taus, auk, Australia, bawi, law, tawi, sauna |
64 |
εɑ |
ea |
idea |
65 |
εε |
ee |
mangeek |
66 |
εi |
ei |
hein |
67 |
εe |
ey |
khwendey |
68 |
εo |
eo ewo |
bendeo, Hewo |
69 |
εu |
eu, ew |
deu, dew, geur, heu, hew, kew europan, reush |
70 |
iɑ |
ia |
piano |
71 |
iε |
ie |
musicien |
72 |
ii |
ii |
dara biin |
73 |
ie |
iy |
rendiy |
74 |
io |
io |
radio |
75 |
iu |
iu iw |
stadium, diwar |
76 |
eɑ |
ya |
chya me |
77 |
ejε |
ye |
hatye |
78 |
ee |
yy |
chyy wan |
79 |
ei |
yi |
chyi |
80 |
eo |
yo |
Khwedyo |
81 |
eu |
yu yw |
dyubav, dyw |
82 |
oɑ |
oa |
cershoa |
83 |
oε |
oe |
reshoe |
84 |
oe |
oy |
cershoy |
85 |
oi |
oi |
iroin |
86 |
oo |
oo |
csoo, chloo |
87 |
ou |
ow |
cou, show |
88 |
ɵɑ |
oa |
joan |
89 |
ɵe |
oe |
to’y (to dy) |
90 |
ɵi |
oi |
to i |
91 |
ɵo |
oo |
kho o (khwe o) |
92 |
ɵu |
ou |
to ud ky |
93 |
uja, uɑ |
ua |
bebua, bechua, tuan |
94 |
ujε |
ue |
bue, chue |
95 |
ue |
uy |
dara tuy |
96 |
uj, ui |
ui |
to bui, muin, |
97 |
uo |
uo uw |
tuo, ruwo |
98 |
uu |
uu |
buubu, chuubu, uu |
ALPHABETA NEWROZI
Kert
Kert |
Nomune |
|
1 |
A a |
ager |
2 |
B b |
berf |
3 |
C c |
cusi |
4 |
D d |
dar |
5 |
E e |
eleg |
6 |
F f |
fend |
7 |
G g |
ga |
8 |
H h |
hyk |
9 |
I i |
isot |
10 |
Jj |
jotcar |
11 |
K k |
kereng |
12 |
L l |
lale |
13 |
M m |
masi |
14 |
N n |
nan |
15 |
O o |
ordeg |
16 |
P p |
pivaz |
17 |
Q q |
qelem |
18 |
R r |
rozh |
19 |
S s |
syv |
20 |
T t |
tazhi |
21 |
U u |
uti |
22 |
V v |
veshartok |
23 |
W w |
weres |
24 |
X x |
fax |
25 |
Y y |
yzeng, yek |
26 |
Z z |
zerdeli |
Digraph
Digraph |
Nomune |
|
1 |
aa |
caar (cahr) |
2 |
ea |
bear |
3 |
ee |
beer |
4 |
ii |
biir |
5 |
au |
automobil |
6 |
oa |
goal |
7 |
oo |
boom |
8 |
ou |
boum |
9 |
yy |
lyy |
10 |
bh |
bhisten |
11 |
ch |
cha |
12 |
cs |
cseng, cso |
13 |
dh |
dheuq |
14 |
dz |
Khedzer |
15 |
gh |
ghar |
16 |
kh |
khani |
17 |
lh |
lhor |
18 |
ph |
phar |
19 |
qu+e/i/y |
quew |
20 |
rh |
rhast |
21 |
sz |
szal |
22 |
sh |
shalul |
23 |
td |
tda |
24 |
th |
thi, thy |
25 |
xh |
xhannar |
26 |
xs |
xsawr |
27 |
zh |
zhuzhi |
28 |
zs |
zselam |
ORTHOGRAPHIA
Wem dy de parta Orthographiay da be perrani ji beden methelyn nacoc ud yn xhatda inrozh le ser nehati nevisten.
Digraphyn zhe bo kymkerdena gotenyn homophon ud homograph
Be digraphyn vocal aa, ae, ea, ii, ee, oa, au, ou, oo, yy gotenyn homagraph ud homophon dehyten nevisten.
aa: Tdaeki bary hespy te khwar est, rast beket. Hew her dem tday hev degeren. Hew be tdaay ketie, beben jem bezhishk. Erdy wi rhast est, kash nene. Bersiva wi rast est. Yek le aliy raasty yek le aliy chepy est.
ee, ea: Le ber khwe myze beket. Insal beary rezan tonne. Sing ud beer. Wi terr kerd. Ev dar tearr en. Daran pearr weshanden. Perr, gelek, zor ud zahf khwedi heman many nen. Teshtek de teashty da nemabu. Be deasteki dest belend kerd. Gelek merev be deesty (pandemia) coronay merden.
ii: Dehyt bira men, le vy dery biirek avy hebu. Ev dara biiy est. Myryn bi ud zhenyn bi. Merevyn bery be tir ud kevan bun. Ava wy kaniy tiir bu, nedehat vekhwarden. Lazem est dew ne tiir bet ne zhi ron.
oa, au: Golyn sor, golyn zerd, golyn spi le ber gaula avy bun. Barcelonay do goal havyten Madridy. Automobil boha bunen.
ou, oo: Be quyra touzh biberyn tuzh hur kerden. Do sal baery ez khwendecar bum. Boum ferria. Dengyn bomban dehat behisten, boom, boom! Zhe hoor ud rovian xhaz nedekerd. Pery khwe hour beke. Pivazyn khwe hur beke. Tury khwe avyt baggagey ud le otobusa toury sowar bud.
yy, ei: Tyr khwarie. Le pei tyyr chu Chiny. Chyiy beket, lyh mebyzhet. Deiny wi ly (le wi/wy/wan) est. Ev lo lo est, lei lei ma est. Ly disa zhi tu dezani.
Be digraphyn consonat cs, ph, td /t/, c+e,i,y, qu+a,e,i,o,u,y ud k+a,o,u teny gotenyn (word) homophon, homograph ud gotenyn zhe zmanyn bygane yn wosan dehyten nevisten ud van dengan deden, dehyten nevisten.
c+e,i,y /θ/-/s/: cinema, police, ambulance, bicyclet, piece, franceski, Barcelona
cs: De germy da ben csengy merev khwi dedet. Chenga wi shekia. Cso de deastan da le pei kery barkeri cho choa wi bu. Cseka khwe havyt peshta khwe ud chu sherr. Bazergan dekanet de shuna pere da chek bedet. Zhe musicienyn cheang ly dekhen ra cheangi dehyte goten.
qu+a,e,i,o,y ud k+a,o,u /k/, /kh/: Bazergany zhyhati cary khwe zhi quara khwe zhi dezanet. Cary ty da quar tonne bet car nene. De vi cari da quar tonne. quyra khwe touzh kerd. Quyra men zhe bo berrina vi dari be kyr nahyt. Ca (fg cany) te cheqas qua kerri? Bazergyn zhe cary froshtena vi kari (fg. kahr) be qasi cary froshtena cardiy (fs. cari) zhi quar nekerd. Kesi kesa pryza genem berhev nekerd. Kelemyn senjy zaf dejwar en. Zhe dara mazi ra le hendek deran myshe ud le hendek deran zhi keleam dehyt goten. Zhe bazary quelem kerrin ud zhe bo shivy paten. Be corman avy vedekhwet, be korman masian degeret…
ph /p/: Car le hev phar kerden.
td /t/: Be tay ketebu. Terzi tda be derzia khwe ve kerd ud deast be drutena kenjan kerd. Tdol nacanet tola khwe heldet.
Gotenyn be digraphyn lh ud rh dehyten nevisten
Hemi r ud l yn le cery gotenyn cordki phonemyn /r/ ud /ɭ/ nen. Ev her do digraph teny teny le cery gotenyn homophon dehyten nevisten.
lh: Lhema mangy tezhe shir bue. Lor zhe lhor xhaz deken. O laz lhaz o. Lhori lhoria lor bu.
rh /r/: Rhozh jihany ronahi deket. Rozhek 24 saxsat est. Erdy wi rhast est, kash nene. Bersiva wi rast est. Yek le aliy raasty bu, yek aliy chepy. Rha le Mesra bery navy khwedaeki est.
Nevistena difphtonga eu
Le sery wushy beri consonanty ud le nav wusha sade de nav 2 consonantan da, istithna ne ty da diphtonga eu a phonema /εu/ be eu dehyte nevisten be ew nahyte nevisten. Diphtonga eu a cordki zhe vocalisationa phonemyn /b/, /f/, /h/, /k/, /kh/ /m/, /p/, /ph/ /v/ ud zhe phonema /w/ a zhe kerta و a xsarebki dehyt.
deuran, dheuq, deulet, deulemend, euk, europan, geur, keukeri, leura, keun (fg. kemelin), keush, kheun, meuled, Meulana, neut (fg. neft), reush, seur, szeut, sheuqe (fg. shepqe), teuqif, tdeur, teush
Istithna ne ty da diphtonga eu le dawia wusy, beri vocalan be kerta w dehyte nevisten:
hew (fs. ew), kew, khew, tew, hewa, hewar, hewe, hewo, kewar, kewy, mewozh, shew (fg. shev), zewesh (fg. zebesh), new (fg. newe), newroz (fg. rozy newe)
Cheng gotenyn istithna:
heuu, sheu, meu, neu, teuteu, …
Kymkerdena gotenyn homograph
De zmaneki da perrbuna gotenyn homograph hendek jaran decanet ry le ber thevlehevia manyn van gotenan vebeket. Zhe nomunyn de tabloa zhyrin da hatenen nevisten rend khwia debet co merev decanet be nevistena zmany formal (be formyn gran yn gotenan) de derenjeke ne hendek da hezhmara homgraphan kym beket. Devyt ev formyn gran yn gotenan inrozh hina zhi qet nebet le deverek wary be vi zmani deng deken berdewam biten. By goman merev decanet de nevistena formal da jih bedet chend gotenyn analog zhi, ly de zmaneki da hezhmara van cheqas kym bet, hewqas qenj est.
Nevisten |
Goten be API |
Be ingliski |
ader (fs: ar) n. m. |
ɑdəɾ (fs: ɑ:ɾ) |
fire |
ager (fs: ar) n. m. |
ɑgəɾ (fs: ɑ:ɾ) |
fire |
ard (fs: ar) n. m. |
ɑɾd |
flour |
hard, erd, xsard, n. m. |
hɑ:ɾd, ε:ɾd, ʕɑɾd, |
earth |
bad (fs: ba) n. m. |
bɑd (fs: bɑ) |
wind |
bal (fs: ba) prep. |
bɑl (fs: bɑ:) |
next to |
baal n. z. |
bɑ:l |
attention |
balh (bezhnubalh) |
bɑ:ɭ |
stature |
bang (fs: ba) |
bɑ |
appeal, call |
bar n. z. |
bɑɾ |
bar |
baar n. m. |
bɑɾ |
load |
brader (fs: bra) |
bɾɑdεɾ |
brother |
be rasti (fs: bera) |
bε rɑsti (fs: bərɑ:) |
actually, really |
bra (fs: bla) |
bɾɑ (fs: blɑ) |
let someone do something |
bir n. z. birhanin v. |
biɾ biɾhɑnin |
mind, remember |
biir n. z. |
bi:ɾ |
well |
bid (fs: bi) n. z. |
bid (fs bi) |
willow tree |
bi adj. |
bi: |
widow |
bum v. |
bum |
I was. I became. |
boum n. m z. |
bum |
owl |
boom inter. |
bu:m |
boom |
cani, cany (fs: ca) pers. |
khɑni, khɑne (fs: khɑ) |
where |
ka n. z. |
kɑ |
straw, hay, chaff |
kahni (fs: kani) |
kɑhni (fs: kɑ:ni) |
fountain |
quani adj. |
khɑni |
about source |
cal adj. |
khɑl |
raw fruit or vegetable |
kahl (fs: kal) n. m. |
kɑhl (fs: kɑ:l) |
grand father, grandpa |
car n. m. |
kʰɑɾ |
work |
quar n. z. |
kʰɑ:ɾ |
income, earning, gain |
cahr (fs: caar), ked n. m.. z. |
kɑɦɾ (fs: kɑ:ɾ), kəd |
kid, capricorn |
co (co dery) prs. |
kʰɵ |
where |
coh (fs: cou) n. m. |
kʰɵh (fs: kʰo:w) |
mountain |
kash n. m. |
kʰɑʃ |
collin |
cash kerden v. |
kʰɑʃkʰəɾdən, kʰɑʃkəɾən |
to draw, to pull |
cheng n. z. |
tʃεŋ |
chin |
cseng (bezishki) n. m. |
tɕεŋ |
axilla (medicine) |
cer n. m. |
sε:ɾ |
head |
ser prep. |
sεɾ |
on |
cearr (fs: sal) n. z. |
sεr |
year |
cerr n. z. |
sər |
secret |
serr adj. |
sər |
cool |
cho |
tʃo: |
giddap (said to make a donkey move forward) |
cso n. m. |
tɕo: |
stick, baton |
coart n. z. |
ko:ɾt |
col, hole, trench |
cort adj. |
kɵɾt |
short |
cor (fs: cur) adj. |
khoɾ (fs: kuɾ) |
blind |
cour adj. |
khuɾ |
deep |
corr |
kɵr |
boy, son |
corri |
khɵri |
colt, young horse or donkey |
dear adj. adv. |
dε:ɾ |
out |
dergeh (fs: der) n. m. |
dεɾgεh (fs: dεɾ) |
door |
dher adv. |
ðεɾ |
there |
deast n. m. |
dεst |
hand |
deest n. m. |
dεst |
pandemic |
dest n. z. |
dəst |
cauldron |
ferr n. z. |
fər |
flight |
fert (fs: ferr) n. z. |
fəɾt (fs: fər) |
(a) sip, (a) sup |
geran pr. |
gɾɑn |
the collins |
gran adj. |
gɾɑ:n |
heavy, strong |
ger n. m. |
gəɾ |
collin |
gers (fs: ger) adj. |
gəɾs (fs: gəɾ) |
big, huge |
goh (fs: go) |
gɵh (fs: go:) |
ear |
got (fs: go) |
got (fs: go:) |
said |
ques n. |
khεs |
big straw, useless straw |
kes n. |
khε:s |
person, nobody, no one |
khward (fs: khwar) v. |
ʍɑɾd (fs: ʍɑɾ) |
ate |
khwahr (fs: khwaar) adj. |
ʍɑ:ɾ |
crooked, curve, wry |
khwar adv. pre |
ʍɑɾ |
below, down |
quyr n. z. |
kheɾ |
knife |
kyr adj. |
keɾ |
useful |
kewe (fs: kew) |
kεwε (fs: kεw) |
blue |
quew |
kεw |
partridge, grouse |
mahr (fs: maar) n. m., z. |
mɑɦɾ (fs: mɑ:ɾ) |
snake |
mar n. z. |
mɑ:ɾ |
marriage |
no |
no |
naughty |
na, noa |
nɑ: no: |
no |
par adj. |
pɑɾ |
las year |
phar n. z. |
phɑ:ɾ |
share, portion, equal part, part, dividend, |
perd (fs: perr) n. z. |
phəɾd (fs: phər) |
bridge |
perr adj. |
pher |
very, a lot, lots |
piu! (pii!) interj. |
piu (fs: pi:) |
phew! |
phi n. m. |
phi |
dad, father |
phii n. z. |
phi: |
peace |
pi n. m. |
phi |
arm, chol (medicine) |
rast |
rɑst |
right, straight |
raast |
rɑ:st |
flat |
rhast |
rɑst |
right direction |
rozh (fs: ro) |
ro:ʒ (fs: ro:) |
day |
rhozh (fs: ro) |
roʒ (fs: ro:) |
sun |
rubar (fs: ro) |
rubɑɾ (fs: ro) |
|
sal (fg: serr) n. z. |
sɑl |
year |
saal, n. m. |
sɑ:l |
flagstone |
sheav n. z. |
ʃεv |
night |
shev n. m. |
ʃəv |
sprig, switch, vimen, |
shirin (fs: shyrin) adj. |
ʃiɾin |
sweet |
shyrin adj. |
ʃeɾin |
leonine, like a lion |
ta n. m. |
tɑ |
strand, yarn. sapling, plant |
tda n. z. |
thɑ |
malaria |
taa n. m. |
thɑ: |
side, way, part, favour |
tdar (fs: tdaa) adj. |
thɑr (fs: thɑ:) |
further, farer |
tdyhni (fs: tdii) adj. |
thehni (fs: thi:) |
thirsty |
tdi n. m. |
thi |
brother in law |
tdesht n. z. |
thεʃt |
basin, washbasin |
tesht n. m. |
təʃt |
thing |
tearr adj. |
tεr |
sappy (tree), humid, wet |
terr n. z. |
tər |
fart |
tir |
tiɾ |
arrow |
tiir |
ti:ɾ |
thick |
to (fs: te) pro. |
tɵ (fs: tə), |
thou (you) |
toa n. z |
to: |
cream |
te pro. |
tε |
thee |
tdo (fs: tde) det. |
tho: (fs: thə) |
never, any, none |
xhaj n. z. |
ħɑdʒ |
pilgrimage |
xhaaj, hej n. m. |
ħɑ:dʒ, hεdʒ |
dry tree branch |
zaar n. z. |
zɑ:ɾ |
dice |
zar n. m. |
zɑɾ |
dialect |
sar n. z. |
zɑɾ |
membrane |
zsaar adj. |
zˤɑ:r |
Imitation speaking of someone to annoy. |
zarr n. m. |
zˤɑr |
child |
zoar adv. |
zo:ɾ |
very, a lot. In German sehr |
zor adj. |
zoɾ |
difficult, troublesome, hard, tough, crucial |
pun (fs: pin) n. z. |
phun (fs: phin) |
coop |
pyhn (fs: piin) n. z. |
pehn (fs: pi:n) |
kick, hack |
Gotenyn be digraphyn dh, dz, sz, xh, xs, zs dehyten nevisten
Be digraphyn xs, gh, xh, dh, dz, sz, zs be perrani gotenyn cordki yn be aszly khwe xsarebki dehyten nevisten. Vazhyn cordki yn de textyn classikyn cordki da be ebjeda cordki be kertyn ع, غ, ح, ذ, ص, ظ, hatenen nevisten be van digraphan dehyten nevisten.
dh dheka, dheki, dheuq, ledhet, ledhidh
dz dzaif, dzerb, dzeruret, fodzuli, remedzan, khedzer
gh gherib, ghezal, gholam, naghme, shoghol
sz faszulia, ikhtiszasz, moszibet, qeszide
xh xhaakim, xhadith, xhaj, maxhkum, raxhm, reixhan, roxh
xs el xsaalem, xsamel, xsameliat, ixstiraf, moxsawin, qetxsi, saxsat
zs zsolm, lefzs, mazslum, menzser, nezser, nizsam, zsalem, zselam, zserf
Hendek gotenyn cordki yn be aszlyn khwe zhe xsarebki nenen zhi be kertyn xsareban yn zhe bo van digraphan hatenen nevisten.
dh caghedh
gh agha, caghedh
sz szal, szadeq
xh xhaisht (hesht), xhaft (heft)
xs xsaini, xsalem, xsatdar
zs zselam, zsalem, nizsam
Vazhyn cordki yn be aszly khwe xsarebki nen ud de xsarebki da be xharfa ک dehyten nevisten her dem be xharfa k dehyten nevisten. Ev hawa be heman characteri nevistena vazhyn zhe heman gotena asli momkun deket:
kateb, kitab, kotobkhane, mekteb, mektub, imkan, momkun, xhokumet, kamel, kahl, kashif, keshf, mokemmel, kahen, mikail, kolli, kafer, koffar, elkoxhol, shokor, xsaks, xsaksi, Shokri, Shokran, Mokremin
Gotenyn be gemination
Consonantyn be digraphan dehyten nevisten ne ty da, hemi consonant de reusha be shedde ud gemination da le ber vocalan dobare deben.
bb moebbed, rebb
cc sheccal, shecco, Becco, ricco
dd gheddar, moqeddes
ff coffek, qoffek (zembila pechuk),
gg aggressiv, reggae, ziggurat
hh Dehhak, qehhar
jj dejjal, xhajji, xsajjeqin
kk dhekki, Dikkel Agha, sheccal, shekker, sikke
ll chell, chelle, chellek, gell, ghelle, golli, khellek, qoll, melle, shell, shelli, khellasz
mm comm, emman, gomm, ommet, temme, xhammal
nn gonn, jenn, jennet, tonne, xhanne
pp gepp, goppal, qeppar, sheppal, teppek, zeruzeppeli, zoppe,
qq beqqal, cheqqal, reqqas,
rr bacorr, bay corr, berrozh, berrin, derri (stri), cherr, cherranek, chirr (meiwyn xsashkeri), chiirr (balendeyek), errik, ferrin, gerr, gearrek, gorri, jerr, jyrr, kerrin, kherr, korr, merr, perr, pearr, qerr, qerrash, qerrek, qirr, qirrin, serr, sherr, terr, tearr, terral, terri, terrole, varrek, verr, verrni, xharri, zerrbav, zerrguni, zerrin, zyrr, zyrrin
ss hessen (xhassen), curressin, cussi, melessin, messin, pessik, tessi
tt bettani, cottan, fittek, sette (settyn mywan), xhatta, xsattar
vv bevv, bevvy (zhe zmany zarran), kevver, tevver
ww gewwer bunden, khewwerin, qewwad, qowwet
yy beyar, teyyar, teyyare, seyyar,
zz bezzin, chezzin, kezzin, kezzerin, qozz, qozzolqort, rezzin, xsizzet
Gotenyn be vocalek cort ud 2 consonantan den deqeden
berq
chelk
chelm
colm (korm)
cord
corm
cort
delq
fecr
fert
geshk
gesht
gorg
gorm
gorz
jord (jerd)
jorm
kheshm
khesht
khoshk
meshk
perd
perr
pert
pesht
qorm
qort
rend
shocr
tesht
verd (ver da)
vert
werd (wy da)
zert
zsolm
Gotenyn be -k deqeden
Zhe ber co de cordki da suffixyn be -e, -i, -y henen, gotenyn cordki be kerta -c naqeden, be kerta -k deqeden. Ev qeide zhe bo gotenyn cordki yn zhe zmanyn be alphabetek deri alphabeta roman dehyten nevisten hatenen gerten zhi derbas debet.
Nomune:
belek, buk, dak, daik, dylek, chaidank, chariek, calek, chek, chevik, chik, chrusk, colek, colilk, dak, dik, gelek, gaulek, glok, golek, hesk, holek, hyk, jolek, kek, khellek, khelk, lek, kevchidank, kevok, mak, meshk, mrishk, nisk, nok, peshek, psik, puk, qalek, qezhak, qerrek, rekk, reshk, cerek, cerok, cereak, ceri shek, xsalok, yek, zarrok, zek, zirek, …
Gushiy consonanti khwe
De cordki da gushieki consonanti heye. Hew zhi khwe est.
kwarden, khwasten, khwe, khwaar, khwahr, khwasi, khwenche, khweda (khoda), khwedan, khwedi, khwedy, khweli, khwenden, khweng, khwesh, khwesu (khwesi), khwesh, khweshi, khwi, khwin, khwy
Nevistena purveserkyn da, ra, ve
Her che qas le hendek deveryn Cordan de zmany gella le shuna da, ra, ve purvesergyn de, re, ve hebiten zhi, zhe ber co le perrania wary cordan ud de edebiata cordi a classic da ev purveserk da, ra, ve nen, de cordia grand ud cordia standard da be da, ra, ve dehyten nevisten.
Men zhe wi ra got. Mala wi de nav daran da bud. Zhe hakhafteny perr xhaz dekerd, dema depeivi ta be derziy ve dekerd.
Verbyn be purveserk
da- dabezin, dabohorin, dachekin, dagerten, dahnin, dakevten, dakhesten, daleqin, damezrin, daqortin, darezin, dawerevin, daweshin
hel- helbezharten, helbun, helchenin, helferrin, helgerten, helhanin, helhaten, helkerden, heldan, helpekin, helperin, helqetin, helseganden, helweshin
ra- rabun, rachenin, raferrin, ragerten, raheshten, rakerden, rakhesten, rakevten, ramusin, raperin, raweshin, razan,
ve- vearqelin, vekerden, vekevten, vekhwarden, velisten, veneshten, veqetin, verreshin, veshkin, vexhawin (vexhabin), vezhin
Perrania (Plurial) namyn dehyten hezhmarten
Perrania be hejmaran ra
do syv, thy syv, char syv
Perrania be verban dehyte tygehishten
syv henen, khani chykerden, kitab khwenden, joan haten
Reusha nominativ
syvan
Perrania reusha genitiv
syvyn te, khaniyn wan, kitabyn men, joanyn me
Perrania reusha accusative
Noca …
Wez syvan dekhwem
Tu syvan dekhwi
Hew syvan dekhwe
Wem syvan dekhwen
Hun syvan dekhwen
Hew syvan dekhwen
Doh …
Men syv khwarden
Te syv khwarden
Wi syv khwarden
Wy syv khwarden
Me syv khwarden
Hewe syv khwarden
Wan syv khwarden
Perrania reusha vocative
Syvno!
Yekana Nediar |
Ingliski |
Yekana Diar |
Ingliski |
Perrania Nominativ |
Ingliski |
bazek |
a hawk |
baz |
the hawk |
bazan |
hawks |
bazharek |
a city |
bazhar |
the city |
bazharan |
cities |
kalek |
an old man |
kal |
the old man |
kalan |
old men |
chemek |
a stream |
chem |
the stream |
cheman |
streams |
darek |
a tree |
dar |
the tree |
daran |
trees |
deriek |
a door |
deri |
the door |
derian |
doors |
fendek |
a candle |
fend |
the candle |
fendan |
candles |
gaek |
an ox |
ga |
the ox |
gaan |
Oxes |
geliek |
a valley |
geli |
the valley |
gelian |
valleys |
herchek |
a bear |
herch |
the bear |
herchan |
bears |
jamiek |
a mosque |
jami |
the mosque |
jamian |
mosques |
Nevistena gotenyn zhe zmanyn bygane
Gotenyn zhe zmanyn be alphabeta roman (latin) dehyten hatenen gerten be 26 kertyn cordki dehyten nevisten. Kertyn khoszuszi van wushan zhe aliy shekli ve nyzdiki kizhan kerta cordki ben be wy dehyten nevisten. Zmanyn be ne be alphabeta roman, ly be alphabetek den dehyten nevisten be perrani de cordki da chawa dehyten goten wer dehyten nevisten.
Nevistena gotenyn graeko-roman
Gotenyn graeko-roman yn be latinki ch hatenen nevisten ud zhe ber ku de latinki dengy /x/ tonne /k/ hatenen khwenden be kh dehyten nevisten. Chemki ev goten de reusha khwe a original da be hellenki be x dehyten nevisten ud be /x/ dehyten teleffuzkirin.
archaeologia, psychologia, choreographia, chaos, character, chrom, psychiatria
Gotenyn be y dehyten nevisten ud /i:/ dehyten goten
Gotenyn be aszlyn khwe hellenki nen, de latinki da be y dehyten nevisten ud /i:/ dehyten goten de cordki da be i dehyten nevisten:
academi, anatomi, analis, bicyclet, crystal, dynamic, enzym, etymologia, lirism, melodi, python, psychologia, rhythm, synonym
Gotenyn be ph dehyten nevisten ud /f/ dehyten goten
Gotenyn be ph dehyten nevisten ud /f/ dehyten khwenden be ph dehyten nevisten. Chemki dema ev goten zhe hellenki ketenen latinki be kerta co inrozh grek phonema /f/ denevisen phonema p a aspirant /ph/ hatie nevisten.
philologia, philosophia, philosoph, phon, phonem, phonetican, photograph, geographia, graphican, diphtong, digraph, telephon, telegraph
Gotenyn de latinki da be suffixa -ve deqeden
Gotenyn be suffixa -ve deqeden mina by -e dehyten nevisten.:
alternativ, alternativa, alternativiti, alternativy, alternativo, alternativan, alternativyn
negativ, negativa, negativiti, negativy, negativo, negativan, negativyn
positiv, positiva, positiviti, positivy, positivo, positivan, positivyn
Gotenyn be de latinki da be suffixa-–icus, de hellenki da be -ikos deqeden
Gotenyn graeco-roman yn hellenki da be suffixa -ikos, de latinki da be suffixa -icus deqeden de cordki da be suffixa -ic deqeden:
agnostic, archaeologic, biologic, democratic, ecologic, geographic, geometric, mathematic, music, optic, physic, technic
Perrania nediar (perrania indefinit)
Perrania nediar, be gotenek perrana hendek, de gotenyn be consonanteky deqeden da be suffixa -en, de gotenyn be vocaleky deqeden da be suffixa -inen dehyte nishandain. Dema ev goten peshti wusha henden behyten nevisten by van suffixan dehyten nevisten.
bazharen hendek bazhar
cheken hendek chek
deren hendek der
golen hendek gol
gonden hendek gond
hyzhiren hendek hyzhir
mereven hendek merev
syven hendek syv
zarren hendek zarr
bazharinen hendek bazhari
charenen hendek chare
derinen hendek deri
gondinen hendek gondi
masenen hendek mase
tahzhinen hendek tahzhi
Be prespositionyn be, de, le, zhe ra nevistena navyn merdane
Nam Be … De … Le … Zhe
ager be ager de ager le ager zhe ager
Ali be Ali de Ali le Ali zhe Ali
Beg be beg de beg le beg zhe beg
Bergo be Bergo de Bergo le Bergo zhe Bergo
chahv be chahv de chahv le chahv zhe chahv
chem be chem de chem le chem zhe chem
corr be corr de corr le corr zhe corr
deast be deast de deast le deast zhe deast
dik be dik de dik le dik zhe dik
Dijle be Dijle de Dijle le Dijle zhe Dijle
gond be gond de gond le gond zhe gond
gorg be gorg de gorg le gorg zhe gorg
hesp (nyr) be hesp de hesp le hesp zhe hesp
Jemil be Jemil de Jemil le Jemil zhe Jemil
khwedy be khwedy de khwedy le khwedy zhe khwedy
mahr be mahr de mahr le mahr zhe mahr
nyri be nyri de nyri le nyri zhe nyri
Shyrgo be Shyrgo de Shyrgo le Shyrgo zhe Shyrgo
tri be tri de tri le tri zhe tri
Navyn continentan
Africa
America
Australia
Asia
Europa
Navyn deuletan
Navên welatan de zmanyn germanic da be -land, de xsarebki da be suffixa -ia, de fareski da be -ostan (-istan), de cordki da be perrani be -an deqeden. Ev navyn deuletan xsayni mina navyn gelek gund ud herymyn cordan de jomly da natewen ud suffix nagren, de reushyn nominal, dativ, accusativ, possessiv, locativ ud vocativ da naguherren; her dem de reusha khwe a sade da deminen.
Nomune 1: Ez chum Faresan. Faresan welateki jiran est. Ew zhe Faresan dehyt. Ew le Faresan dekhebetet. Mala wan le Faresan est. Hun dy kinga herren Faresan. Tajik zhe Faresan xhaz deken. Hei gdi Faresan. Komara Faresan
Nomune 2: Ez chum Botan. Botan wareki khwesh est. Ew zhe Botan dehyt. Ew le Botan dekhebetet. Mala wan le Botan est. Hun dy kinga herren Botan. Cordmanj zhe Botan xhaz deken. Hei gdi Botan, Heryma Botan
Africa Bashur
America
Andorra
Angola
Antigua ud Barbuda
Argentina
Arian, Iran
Arnautan
Australia
Austuria
Azerbaijan, Athropatane
Bahaman
Barbados
Baxhrein
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Bengladesh
Benin
Bharat, Hindistan
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia Hersek
Bostwana
Bresilia
Brunei
Bulgaran
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cabo Verde
Cambodia
Camerun
Canada
Catalunia
Cazakhestan, Cazakhan
Chad
Chad
Chechia
Chili
Chin
Columbia
Comara Africa Central
Comara Dominican
Comoros
Cordan
Core
Cosovo
Costa Rica
Cote d’Ivoire
Croatan, Khervatan
Cuba
Cuweit
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Ecuador
El Salvador
Emirat
Eritre
Estonia
Eswatini
Ethiopia
Ethiopia
Faresan, Parsan
Fas
Felestin
Fiji
Finland
France
France, Gallia
Gabon
Gambia
Gana
Germenan, Almania
Gine
Gorjan
Grenada
Guatemala
Guetamala
Guinea Papua New
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Hayestan, Ermenan
Hellenan, Yunan
Hititan
Holland
Honduras
Hungaria, Majaran
Iceland
Indonezia
Inglisan
Iraq
Irland
Island
Israil
Italia
Jamaica
Jezair
Jeziryn Marshall
Kebres
Kenia
Kirghezestan, Kirghezan
Kiribati
Laos
Lesotho
Liberia
Libia
Liechtenstein
Litvania
Lobnan
Luxembourg
Lydian, Lydia
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Maldivan
Malesia
Mali
Malta
Mauritania
Mauritius
Medan, Media
Meser
Mexica
Micronesia
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolan, Mongolia
Montenegro
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Nippon, Japonia
Norwey
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Paraguay
Partava, Parthia
Peru
Philippinan
Polonia
Portugal
Qatar
Rom
Romania
Ruanda
Rumenia
Samoa
San Marino
Scotland
Seishellan
Senegal
Serban, Serbia
Sierra Leone
Singapur
Slovakia
Slovenia
Somalia
Someran
Sovietan
Spania
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Suria
Suriname
Swissre
Swedan, Swyd
Taiwan
Tajikan, Tajikistan
Tanzania
Timora Rozhhelat
Togo
Tonga
Torkan, Torkia
Torkmenistan
Tunus
Turan
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ucraina
Uman
Urdun
Uresyt, Russia
Uruguay
Uzbekan, Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican
Venezuela
Vietnam
Xsareban
Xsarebistana Soxsudi
Yemen
Yugoslavia
Zambia
Zealanda New
Zimbabwe
Adjectivyn geographic ud national
Adjectivyn geographic ud national de nav jomly da be kertyn hur dehyten nevisten.
african
asian
europan
australian
afghan
jezairi
angolan
argentini
austrian
bengladeshi
belarusi
belgiki
bolivian
bresilian
britani
bulgar
cambodian
cameruni
canadi
chadi
colombi
croat
chek
congolis
dani
ecuadori
meseri
salvadori
inglis
estoni
ethiopi
finni
frances
german, alman
ghanai
hellen
guatemalan
hollandi
honduran
hungarian, mejer
icelandi
hindi, sendi
indonesi
arian, ari, irani
iraqi
irlandi
israili
italian
ivorian
jamaican
nippon, japon
urduni
cazakh
kenian
lao
latvian
libyan
lathuani
madagasi
malesian
malian
mauritani
mexican
fasi
namibian
nicaraguan
nigerian
norwegian
umani
pakistani
panaman
paraguayan
peruvian
philippini
poli, leh
portugiz
congoi
romen
ures, rus
scoch
senegali
serb
singapori
slovak
somalian
spaniol
sudani
swendi
swiss
surian
thai
tunesi
tork
torkman
ukrani
emirati
american
uruguai
vietnami
galleri
zambiai
zimbamwei
Navyn hendek zmanan zendi yn jihany
De cordki da navyn zar ud zmanan be perrani zhe navyn melletan ud suffixa -ki pyk dehyten. De formyn gran da suffixa -ki /ki/ dehyte khwenden, de formy svek da kerta k a suffixa -ki nahyte goten, mina fareski be suffixa -i dehyte goten. Navyn zmanan de nav jomly da be kertyn pechuk dehyten nevisten:
amharicki
assamese
azerki
bavarian
bengalki
bhojpuri
burmeski
cazakhki
cebuano
cheki
chinki
chittagonian
cordki
ckerdmanjki
cordmanjki
coreki
deccan
duchki, hollandki
fareski
franceski
fulfulde
fulfuldki
germanki, almanki
gujeratki